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POPULAR GUIDE 



TO THE 



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AMHERST COLLEGE. 



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BY 



a S. BEARDSLEE AND G. A. PLI]M[F-T0K;:":-" 

CZASS OF 1870. '^^-.wr^.^.-l^'CV, 

.• COPYRIGHT <.^^0 



AMHERST, MASS.: 
FOR SALE BY THE CURATOR AND AT THE BOOKSTORES. 

1875. 






Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by 

BEARDSLEE AND PLIMPTON, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



Press of Gazette Printing Co., Northampton. 



PREFACE. 



This work was undertaken at the suggestion of others, in 
order to supply the long felt need of a Visitor's Guide. The 
book aims at nothing more than is implied in the title. It is 
intended to contain general information for visitors, and to 
represent more or less perfectly the attractions of the College 
to all others. That it may be thus a Poptilaii Guide, the 
Cabinets have been presented, not by wearisome catalogues,, 
but by comprehensive statements, with specific mention of 
single specimens, only so far as their particular interest or 
value would seem to demand. That it may be also reliable, 
the work has passed under the supervision of the Instruct- 
ors, while some parts have been prepared entire by their 
personal efforts. For this, acknowledgments are especially 
due to Prof. Shepard, who kindly furnished all the matter 
upon his Collections; to Dr. Hitchcock, for assistance upon the 
Collections in the Appleton Cabinet ; and to Prof. Mather, for 
gathering information upon the Art Gallery. The old Vis- 
itor's Guide, prepared by Prof. Charles H. Hitchcock, has 
been of great assistance, and Prof .Tyler's History of the Col- ' 
lege has afforded valuable information. If these pages shall 
furnish the required assistance to the daily visitor, and the 
work meet with approval from the College in general, our 
end is gained. 

C. S. B. & G. A. P. 
Amherst, June, 1875. 



CONTENTS. 



AMHERST COLLEGE, 
JOHNSON CHAPEL, 

Works op Art in Recitation Rooms, 

Botanical Museum, 



APPLETON CABINET, 

Hitchcock Ichnological Cabinet, 
Gilbert Museum of Indian Relics, 
Adams Zoological Museum . 



WOODS CABINET AND LAWRENCE OBSERVA 
TORY, .... 
Woods Geological Collection, 
Shepard's Collection in the Woods Cabinet, 
Lawrence Observatory, 
Dickinson Nineveh Gallery, 

WILLISTON HALL, . 
Art Gallery, 

" , " Statuary, 
" " Photographs, 

WALKER HALL, 

Cabinet of Natural Philosophy, 
Shepard Mineral Collections, 
Collections Arranged in the Mineralogical 
Lecture Room, 

BARRETT GYMNASIUM, 
COLLEGE CHURCH, 
COLLEGE HALL, 
LIBRARY, 



7 

7 

8 

12 

14 
14 
17 
19 

35 
25 

28 
32 
33 

35 
35 
36 
56 

57 

57 
60 

76 

78 
79 
81 

81 



POPULAE GUIDE 



TO THE 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND MUSEUMS. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 

Amheest College was founded in 1821, with a 
Eaculty numbering three members and with forty- 
seven students. There are now more than three 
hundred students, requiring a Faculty of twenty 
members. The College grounds cover thirty-four 
acres. The Hill has been graded to its present form 
at an expense of about ten thousand dollars. Its 
thirteen buildings have been erected and improved at 
a,n aggregate cost of $337,567. The sum total of the 
cash funds of the College, including buildings, 
grounds, collections, etc., as well as cash funds, is 
estimated in round numbers at over a million of 
• dollars. 

JOHNSON CHAPEL. 

The central building, both in interest and position, 
upon College grounds, is the Old Chapel. It was ded- 
icated on the 28th of February, 1827. In honor of 



8 POPULAR GUIDE. 

the generous donation to its erection by Adam John- 
son, of Pelham, it was called the '• Johnson Chapel," 
by vote of the Trustees. The tower which it supports 
is ninety-four feet in height, and, by unanimous testi- 
mony, affords an unsurpassed view of the "Garden 
of New England." The most prominent objects 
within this view are Mts. Holyoke and Tom, upon 
either side of the Connecticut to the southwest, with 
Hallock Grove in the foreground ; Old Hadley and 
Northampton to the west, with Mt. Warner a little to 
the north ; far to the northwest, the Green Mountains 
of Vermont ; prominent in the north, Mts. Toby and 
Sugar Loaf, with Sunderland at its base ; to the 
northeast and east, the more gradual slope of Pelham 
Hills ; and to the south, Mt. Norwottuck, of the Hol- 
yoke range. Within the tower are the College clock 
and the Chapel bell. The building contains five 
recitation rooms on the lower floor, the large and the 
small Chapel on the second floor, and the College 
Herbarium and a recitation room on the third floor. 
The large Chapel is used for morning prayers and the 
various rhetorical exercises. The small Chapel is used 
for all religious meetings held in the evening. 

WORKS OF ART IN RECITATION ROOMS. 

No. I. 

Busts. The marble bust at the left of the Profes- 
sor's chair is Socrates ; that at the right, Demosthenes. 
The busts upon the south wall are Demosthenes, Plato, 
Socrates and Homer. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 9 

EiirGRAViN"GS. Upon the south wall is The School 
of Athens, or the Philosophers, executed by Morghen 
from Eaphael's Fresco in the Vatican. Upon the 
north wall is Parnassus, or the Poets ; engraver and 
locality, same as the last. The colored engravings 
upon the south wall, descriptive of the Euins of Pom- 
peii, are from Naples. 

Photographs. South wall : Jupiter of Phidias, 
and Roman Forum. East wall : Corfu (the Phaeacia 
of Homer), Panorama of Athens, and Temple of 
* Poseidon at Sunium. North wall : Group compris- 
ing the Nile Eiver God, the Apollo Belvidere, and the 
Dying Gladiator ; above this, another Group includ- 
ing Meleager, the Slayer of the Wild Boar, Minerva 
Pudica, and a photograph of a full length statue (in 
the Vatican) of Demosthenes ; next Group consists 
of the oldest remains of Architecture in Greece, in-r 
eluding the remains of the Temples in Corinth and 
at Nemea, and beneath them the Tomb of Agamem- 
non or Treasure House of Atreus, and the Gate of the 
Lions at old Mycenae ; the last Group contains the 
Bemaof Demosthenes in Athens, Theatre of Dionysus^ 
recently exhumed, the front of the stage in the same 
Theatre, and a general view of the Acropolis. 

The bronze at the left of the Professor's chair is the 
Sleepiitg Ariadne. She is represented at the mo- 
ment when, having fallen asleep, she is deserted hj 
Theseus, whom she had helped to escape from the 
labyrinth after he had slain the Minotaur. This 
statue has long been regarded as one of the finest 
specimens of draped figures, as well as one of the 



10 POPULAR GUIDE. 

most dignified and graceful representations of sleep. 
Upon the cases may be seen a cork model of the 
Temple of Psestum, in Southern Italy, and a terra- 
cotta model of the Farnese Bull. The original of 
the latter was the work of Apollonius and Tauriscus 
of Ehodes, and was placed in the Farnese palace in 
Eome in 1546. It represents the twin brothers, Am- 
phion and Zethus, tying Dirce, their sister, to the 
wild bull, in punishment for her cruel treatment of 
their mother. 

Within the cases may be seen a bronze model of the 
Pantheon at Eome, the Temple of Vesta at Eome, 
the War Chariot of the Ancients, and, upon the 
shelves, various specimens of classic interest, collected 
by the Professor as souvenirs of his travels. 

The medallion on the east wall is William Cullen 
Bryant. 

No. 2. 

Busts. The three busts on the north wall are 
*'the Larger Cicero," Virgil, and Cicero ; the two up- 
on the east wall are the Scipio Africanus, and Cicero. 

Photographs. South wall : Group containing 
Pyramid of Cestius, Tomb of Caecilia Metella, Eound 
Temple of Hercules and Interior of Colosseum, Col- 
umns in N. E. Gallery of Aya Sofia, and Arch of 
Septimius Severus. East wall : Pantheon with Obe- 
lisk in foreground, Aya Sofia, Colosseum and Mauso- 
leum of Hadrian with Bridge over the Tiber. North 
wall : Pillars of Temple of Saturn on the Capitoline 
with view of Forum and of Arch of Titus and Colosse- 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 11 

um in the background, Remains of an Aqueduct, Group 
containing Pillar of Trajan, Church of Nome Di 
Maria, Falls of Tivoli with Ruins of Maecenas' Villa 
( ?) and Theatre of Marcellus, view of Aya Sofia with 
Obelisk in the foreground, Column of Phocas with 
Arch of Septimius Severus, and a Church and Pil- 
lars of Temple of Vespasian. 

MEDALLiOiq^s. Brutus, Cincinnatus, Scipio Afri- 
canus Major, Terence, CatoUticensis, Caesar, Pompey, 
Cicero, Maecenas, Virgil, Horace, and Seneca. 

Upon the north wall is a model of the Sarcophagus 
of Scipio Barbatus, with a facsimile of the inscrip- 
tion upon it. 

No. 4. 

Bron"zes. At the right of the Professor's chair 
stands Sophocles ; at its left, Pudicitia ; and upon the 
south wall, John of Bologna's Flying Mercury and 
Narcissus. 

Photographs. North wall : Group containing two 
views of the Erectheum at Athens, the Parthenon 
and the Temple of Victory, Apollo Belvidere, the 
Laocoon Group, and a Group containing Canova's 
Antinous and Piraeus, Pudicitia and Minerva Perdic- 
itia. West wall : Joan of Arc, Goethe, Goethe at 
Weimar, Schiller, and Schiller and Laura. South 
wall : Ulysses' Escape from Polyphemus, Temple of 
Theseus at Athens, two views of the Acropolis, Tem- 
ple of Jupiter, and Battle of Salamis. East wall : 
Arch of Constantine, Modern Athens, Dionysiac The- 
atre, and Arch of Titus. 



12 POPULAR GUIDE. 

Over the Professor's chair is a copy in oil of Guido's 
Presco of Aurora in Kome, and upon the south wall 
is a cork model of the Temple of Psestum in South- 
ern Italy. 

No. 9. 

Busts. The bust upon the pedestal at the right 
of the Professor's chair is Dante ; upon the left, 
Ariosto ; upon the south side are Tasso and Voltaire, 
and upon the north side, Petrarch. 

Photographs. South wall : Defense of Port St. 
Denis, Cathedral of Milan, and Attack of the Hotel 
de Yille. West wall : Paris Exposition Buildings in 
1867, City of Florence, Scene in Paris during the 
Revolution of 1848, Rialto in Venice, Modern Rome, 
and Doge Palace. North wall : Street of Rohan, and 
Burial of Martyrs of Liberty. East wall : General 
View of Paris, St. Marks in Venice, and General 
View of Versailles. Upon the east wall is also an 
alabaster model of Giotto Tower in Florence. 

THE BOTANICAL MUSEUM. 

The room assigned to the Collections in the Botan- 
ical Department is No. 10, in the third story of the 
Chapel building. 

Within the past two years, much has been done 
towards the re-arrangement of the material on hand, 
considerable additions have been made, and the work 
is still in progress. 

The Herbarium occupies the case on ,the north side 



AMHEEST COLLEGE. 13 

of the room, at the visitor's right hand. The first half 
contains the North American Flora, especially that of 
the United States east of the Mississippi river, and 
includes already a fair representation of the Flowering 
Plants, Ferns, etc., of this region. The remainder 
of the case is devoted to the Flora of South America 
and Europe. Here are also interesting sets of Ferns 
from China and India. In the case on the east side 
of the room, will be found specimens of Woods and 
Fruits from various portions of the world. 

The first two divisions contain a variety of the 
Fruits growing in our own and in tropical climes. 
Here are the cones of our Pines and Firs, and those 
of the Cedar of Lebanon ; the fruit of the Cocoanut 
in every stage of growth ; the Brazil nut from South 
America, and the Cocoa-de-mer from the Indian 
Ocean. Here, too, is the Ivory Nut, the Chocolate 
Nut, and many species of Cotton in the boll, besides 
the smaller fruits and seeds in great variety. 

The remaining three divisions of the case contain 
specimens of the Trees of California, including the 
famous Sequoia or Giant Bed Wood. Here are also 
the Southern Pine and Carolina Prickly Ash, etc., of 
the Atlantic coast. Farther on is a fine section of a 
Tree Fern, and specimens of the Palm Tree, the 
Bamboo, Lignumvitae, Fustic, and Mango of Jamai- 
ca, and others whose products are, in manifold ways, 
useful to man. 

On the wall of the room is a still larger stem of 
the Bamboo, and a part of one of those immense 
beans that abound in tropical forests. 



14 POPULAB GUIDE. 

The room is furnished with tables and every con- 
venience for botanical work. 



APPLETON CABINET. 

This building, situated upon the brow of the hill 
at the south end of Chapel Eow, was erected in 1855, 
It was the first of the six buildings that have been 
added during the administration of President Stearns. 
Through the efforts of President Hitchcock, the ex- 
pense of its erection was met by a grant of ten thou- 
sand dollars from the executors of the estate of Hon. 
Samuel Appleton of Boston ; hence, called **' Apple- 
ton's Cabinet." The main room and the first two 
side rooms on the lower floor are occupied by the 
Hitchcock Ichnological Cabinet. The Gilbert Museum 
of Indian Relics occupies the third side room. The 
Adams Zoological Museum fills the single room of the 
second story. The wing at the east end of the build- 
ing is the Zoological lecture and recitation room. 

HITCHCOCK ICHNOLOGICAL CABINET. 

This unique collection of tracks was made chiefly 
from the valley of the Connecticut by President 
Hitchcock. The science of Ichnology originated and 
was developed by him. The collection, therefore, 
bears his name, and is fitly adorned with his bust. It 
was begun in 1835, when the science of Ichnology 
was unknown, and is now the largest and most valu- 
able collection in the world. It consists of 21,773 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 15 

tracks of animals and one hundred and twenty differ- 
ent species. All the animals that made these tracks 
are comprehended under the general class Lithichno- 
zoa, or stone-track animals. This class is subdivided 
into ten groups in the following order : Marsupialoids, 
Thick-toed Birds, Narrow-toed Birds, Ornithoid Liz- 
ards or Batrachians, Lizards, Batrachians, Chelonians 
or Tortoises, Fishes, Crustaceans including Myriapods 
and Insects, and Annelids or Worms. 

A complete description of these specimens will be 
found in the Massachusetts Report of Ichnology by 
President Hitchcock in 1858 ; also in its supplement 
in 1865. A few of the most noted ones, however, de- 
serve mention. As the visitor advances into the 
main room, on the right lie examples of mud cracked 
by drying, and called Nature's Hieroglyphics. They 
are from New Jersey and the section near Turner's 
Falls. Still further to the right are large slabs cov- 
ered with rain drops. Suspended from the ceiling in 
the center of the room hangs a specimen of the foot 
and leg of the noted Palapteryx Ingens, found in the 
alluvial soil of New Zealand ; also the cast of an egg 
of the ^piornis Maximus, dug from the soil of Mad- 
agascar. The original is in tlie Grarden of Plants, 
Paris. Its dimensions are thirteen and one half inch- 
es in length, by thirty-three and one half inches in 
circumference, being equal to one hundred and forty- 
eight hen's eggs, or five thousand humming-bird's 
eggs. 

The tracks of the Brontozoum Giganteum about 
the center of the room, ujjon table 15, are remarkable 



16 POPULAR GUIDE. 

for their large size, being eighteen inches in length, 
with an area of thirteen square inches, and a stride of 
thirty to sixty inches. They were probably made by 
a bird twelve feet high, and weighing from four hun- 
dred to eight hundred ' pounds. The slab was found 
in the southeast part of Northampton. 

The Grigantitherium Caudatum, also near the cen- 
ter of the room, No. 9 and 10, rivals the former in size. 
The length of its foot is sixteen inches, and the area ten 
square inches. This specimen is also remarkable in 
that at certain intervals there are indentures made by 
a tail. The animal is supposed to have been a gigan- 
tic biped Batrachian. The rocks were found at Lily 
Pond, Turner's Falls, by Eoswell Field. 

The Otozoum Moodii, near the east end of the 
room. No. 1 1 t? is also remarkable. The length of its 
hind foot is twenty inches, and the width from thir- 
teen to fifteen inches. This animal was supposed to 
be a quadruped Batrachian, with unequal feet, and 
of about the weight of an ox. 

The Anomoepus Major, at east end of the room. 
No. } 7, is a marsupial animal, and is remarkable for 
tlie striking resemblance of its hind foot to a bird's 
foot, and for a peculiar tail trace, which consists of a 
heart-shaped impression that is repeated at regular in- 
ten^als, as seen in No. ^ 

Side case 41, at the east of the room, contains the 
fossil bones of the Megadactylus Polyzelus, found at 
the water shops of the National Armory at Springfield. 
These specimens are of special interest, since they are 
the only bony remains of an animal of about the size 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 17 

of the hound, which existed at the same time with 
the animals that made these tracks. Tracks of this 
animal have never been found. 

Side case 40 contains the tracks of living animals 
and the impression of a boy's foot, together with that 
of a bird, probably a crow. These were found in 
Hadley. 

Side case 39 contains ripple marks on stone and 
rain drops on clay, mud and sandstone from the Con- 
necticut valley, and lower Silurian sandstone on the 
shore of Lake Superior. 

The first side room at the west end is filled with the 
latest and choicest collection, containing two hundred 
and three specimens from Gill, Mass. This collection 
is remarkable in that it contains many rare species of 
quadrupeds, birds and insects. Most of these are of 
unusual distinctness, and show a perfect impression 
of the papillae. The insect tracks in the horizontal 
case are worthy of much attention from the student. 

GILBERT MUSEUM OF INDIAN RELICS. 

As one enters Appleton Cabinet he will find this col- 
lection in the third side room on the left. It contains 
nearly four thousand specimens of the stone imple- 
ments of the North American Indian, and mainly 
those of the Connecticut valley. It is named from 
the late Hon. George H. Gilbert, of Ware, by whose 
liberal gifts of money it has been mostly secured. 

The specimens exhibited here are arrow-heads (about 
two thousand, including the duplicates), gouges, 
hatchets, skin-dressing tools, hoes, chisels, pestles, 



18 POPULAR GUIDE. 

spear-heads, stone and earthen pots, pipes, maces, gor- 
gets, sinkers, beads, photographs of Indian picture 
writings, skulls and skeletons, ornaments, tubular rel- 
ics, with some articles belonging to Indians now living. 
Here are also specimens of the stone period of Eu- 
rope. 

In the vertical case at the left of the entrance are 
to be seen gorgets, beads, pots, maces, sinkers, and a 
few other articles. 

On the west wall is a photograph of the famous 
Dighton Rock, and also the skeleton of an Indian fe- 
male. 

In the horizontal cases on the north side of the 
room are to be seen hatchets from our Western In- 
dians, the famous ^^Discoidal Stones " of the West, 
and the Oval Stones (by some considered as hammers) 
of our valley, most nearly resembling them. 

In the case upon the middle of the north side are 
to be seen two ^' lots " of arrows — one from Bristol, 
Ot., numbering seventy- three, and another from 
Deerfield, Mass., numbering seventy. These seem to 
have been either the products of the manufacturer or 
the armory of some Indian tribes. Several tubular 
relics are to be seen in this case. Here are also the 
pipes and skin-dressing tools. 

In the next case to the right, on the back rows, are 
the hoes, and in the front part of the case the hatch- 
ets. 

The case at the east end is almost entirely filled 
with gouges and chisels. 

Upon the south wall, behind the door, arrow- 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 19 

heads are arranged so as to show — the upper ones, 
the predominant forms of these implements, and the 
lower ones, the material of which they are construct- 
ed, as well as a great variety of their forms. Here 
is also seen the pipe of the famous Sioux savage, '^ Cut 
Nose." 

The horizontal case, directly behind the door, con- 
tains the pestles and the stone implements from 
Europe. 

One should not fail to notice the largest and most 
complete soap-stone pot, No. 2,289, which stands be- 
tween the cases upon the north side of the room ; also 
the stone mortar, No, 685, made of sandstone, proba- 
bly used for pounding corn into meal, and found in 
Greenfield. 

This collection was mainly secured to the College by 
gifts of money, as indicated on the marble slabs upon 
the east and the west walls of the room. 

Most of the specimens gained otherwise were given 
by people whose names are indicated on a manuscript 
paper tablet below the western slab. 

ADAMS ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM. 

The first donations to this collection were a legacy 
of Sylvester Hovey, formerly a Professor in the Col- 
lege ; gifts of specimens from students, alumni, and 
other friends of the College ; and the collection that 
belonged to Professor C. B. Adams. Additions are 
constantly being made by contributions from all parts 
of the world. The number of specimens at present 



20 POPULAE GUIDE. 

is not less than 100,000. The horizontal cases con- 
tain only Insects and Shells. The upright cases con- 
tain specimens of all the branches of the animal 
kingdom, arranged in scientific order, where size of 
specimen, space, etc., will permit. 

Commencing in the northeast corner of the room 
with the upright cases. No. 1 contains the Protozoa, 
or first forms of life, including three classes : the 
Sponges, the Rhizopods, and the Infusoria, including 
most of the animalcules. Of especial interest in this 
case are the Siliceous Sponges, known as the Spun 
Glass Coral, or Hyalonema MiraMUs, and Venus' 
riower-basket, or Euplectilla Speciosa from East In- 
dia and Japan. 

Passing to the west, Cases Nos. 2 and 3 are devoted 
to the sea-fans and stony Corals generally. The sea- 
fans are obtained largely from the West Indies and 
the Florida Keys. 

Case 4 is occupied by the Radiates, and includes 
fresh-water polyps, jelly-fishes, crinoids, sea-urchins, 
etc. Both the star-fishes and sea-urchins were named 
by Professor Verrill, and a number of specimens have 
been obtained from him in exchange. 

Case 5 is filled with Molluscs, containing specimens 
of the animals themselves in connection with their 
shells, and specimens too large to be admitted into 
the horizontal cases. 

Case 6 is devoted to Articulata. Upon the lower 
shelves may be seen specimens of the nests of the 
hornet, yellow wasp, atid Ceylonese spider. Upon 
the upper shelves are numerous specimens of tape- 



AMHEKST COLLEGE. 21 

worms, hair-snakes, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions, 
crabs, etc. 

Cases 7 and 8 are devoted to a general collection of 
Fishes. Here are specimens of Myzontes, Fishes 
proper. Ganoids and Selachians. Upon the lower 
shelf of Case 7 may be seen a large Sturgeon, a num- 
ber of dried South Carolina and West India fishes, 
etc. Upon the second shelf is a large number of dried 
and stuffed specimens of American fishes. The fa- 
mous Car Pike, on the third shelf, is from Lake Pont- 
chartrain, near New Orleans. Upon the same shelf is 
a large number of Jamaica fishes, eels from the Indian 
Ocean, etc. The jars upon the upper shelf contain 
Jamaica fishes chiefly. 

On the lower shelf of Case 8 is a large number of 
specimens of the sting ray, a small shark, etc. Among 
the specimens upon the second shelf are a shark and 
a ray-fish from the Indian Ocean. Upon the next 
shelf may be found the jaw of the true man-eating 
shark ; here are also several specimens from Lake 
Ohamplain and the Connecticut valley. 

Cases 9 and 10 are devoted to Amphibia and Eep- 
tiles. The boa-constrictors, upon the bottom shelf of 
Case 9, are from South Africa. Upon the third shelf 
of this case is a stuffed specimen of the South Carolina 
rattlesnake, with its skeleton by its side. The large 
collection of snakes upon the top shelf have been 
gathered from all parts of the globe. 

The second shelf of Case 10 is well furnished with 
medium-sized snapping turtles and terrapins of vari- 
ous kinds ; here are also a skull and part of the skel- 



22 POPULAR GUIDE. 

ton of the large green edible turtle. Upon the upper 
shelf are numerous specimens of lizards, including 
chameleons from all parts of the world. 

Cases 11 and 12, together with the large Case at the 
west end of the room, and 14 and 15 upon the south 
wall, are devoted to the general class of Mammals or 
Quadrupeds. Among the specimens collected may be 
found typical heads and teeth of all the larger groups 
of mammals. Upon the second and third shelves of 
Case 2, and the upper shelf of Case 12, are models 
of the heads of men distinguished by varied qualities, 
by the side of the heads of various wild and domestic 
animals. These are designed to illustrate Comparative 
Zoology. 

Upon the first three shelves of Case 12 is a collec- 
tion of bones designed to illustrate Comparative Oste- 
ology. Upon the upper shelf are enlarged models of 
parts of the human body, which, with the manikin 
in the large Case, are used for illustration in the study 
of Anatomy. 

Case 13, in the west end of the room, is devoted 
mainly to stuffed mammals and their skeletons. Most 
of the specimens, being properly labeled, need no es- 
pecial enumeration. The skin and skeleton of a gorilla 
were presented to the College by Rev. William Walker, 
missionary to Western Africa. It is the most valuable 
single specimen in the Cabinet. The beautiful tiger- 
cat, lying on its side near the center of the case, is 
from Mexico. The Canada lynx, near the panther, is 
from Maine. The wild-cat, near by, was killed in 
^Northampton. The fisher or black-cat, near the cen- 



AMHEKST COLLEGE. 23 

ter of the upper shelf, is from Ashland, Maine. The 
white fox is a present from Rev. C. 0. Carpenter, 
missionary to Labrador. The stuffed skin of a walrus, 
upon the top of this case, was bought in New Bedford, 
and was brought there by a whale ship from the 
Northern Ocean. 

Cases 14 and 15 contain the remaining specimens 
of the mammals, properly labeled. Of the series of 
squirrels, the gray and black, with their varieties, are 
from Niagara Falls, and the large flying-squirrel from 
Hudson's Bay. 

The remaining nine upright Cases upon the south 
side are devoted to Birds, and contain representatives 
of all the large groups of existing birds. In the col- 
lection of birds' eggs, numbering six hundred speci- 
mens, may be found representatives of about two 
hundred and fifty species. 

Case 25, in the east end of the room, near the stairs, 
is devoted to Ruminants, or cud-chewing animals. 
The largest stuffed specimen — the American Moose — 
is from Connecticut Lake, N. H. The largest skele- 
ton is that of a moose, from Ashland, Maine. The 
deer, which is most common in this country, is from 
New York. The skull of an ox and the musk deer 
are from Java. 

The large and varied collections of horns which are 
attached to the cases about the room, were mainly 
presented by Rev. Josiah Tyler, a missionary to South 
Africa. A large number of valuable specimens have 
already been presented to the Cabinet by this Alumnus, 

The northern row of horizontal Cases contain 



24 POPULAR GUIDE. 

Professor C. B. Adams' collection of Insects, which 
were mostly arranged by himself. Sufficient guide 
will be found upon the labels in the cases. 

The remaining horizontal Cases are filled with a 
collection of molluscs or shells, also presented by 
Professor Adams. There are about 8,000 species, 
but they are so systematically arranged that the visitor 
needs no other guide than can be found within the 
cases. The highest order of the molluscs may be 
found in the southwest corner of the room ; and the 
descending series will be traced in succession with the 
direction of the cases, until the lowest order is reach- 
ed in the row next to the insects. Within this collec- 
tion may be found many rare and valuable specimens. 
As will be seen by the labels, a great number were 
found in the West Indies, particularly Jamaica, by 
Professor Adams himself. Of this collection Profes- 
sor Agassiz says : *^ I do not know in the whole coun- 
try a conchological collection of equal value ; " and 
Dr. Gould : ^^ As a scientific collection it is not equal- 
led in some respects by any other collection in the 
world. " 

Within the iron railing, near the stairway, are a 
number of interesting specimens. Most prominent is 
a plaster cast of the skeleton of the American Me- 
gatherium. It was presented by Joshua Bates, Esq,, 
of London. The original skeleton was found in 
Buenos Ayres, South America, and is now preserved 
in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in 
London. Upon the floor are the cranium of a hunch- 
back whale, the lower jaw with the teeth of a young 



AMHEKST COLLEGE. 25 

sperm whale, and the ribs, vertebrae and jaw bones of 
a whale. 

WOODS CABINET AND LAWRENCE 
OBSERVATORY. 

The octagonal building upon the western knoll 
contains the Geological Collection. It has connected 
with it, upon the northwest, the Sweetser Lecture 
Room, upon the west the Dickinson Nineveh Gallery, 
and upon the east the Lawrence Observatory. The 
site is that of the old village church, which stood 
here from 1782 to 1828. The central building, to- 
gether with the Observatory, was dedicated June 28, 
1848. The Nineveh Gallery and Sweetser Lecture 
Room were added later. The main building is called 
the Woods Cabinet, in honor of the services of Hon. 
J. B. Woods, of Enfield, who was very active and 
successful in procuring funds for its erection. The 
first story of this main building is filled with the 

WOODS GEOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 

Within the vestibule of the building are several 
interesting specimens. The large Gneiss, lying on the 
floor at the right of the door, is from Shelburne Falls, 
Mass. ; it is remarkable for its plicated strata. Upon 
the sides of the walls are specimens of the verde-an- 
tique marble, from Roxbury, Vt. 

In the main room, the side cases under the gallery 
contain the general Geological collection of America. 
Beginning at the right of the entrance, and following- 



26 POPULAK GUIDE. " 

the walls, one will find this collection arranged in 
succession, from the highest to the lowest formation. 

Case 1 contains the fossil bones belonging to the 
age of man. Casts of the bones of the Schistopleurum, 
Mastodon and Whale are to be seen in the upper part 
of the case. The lower part is devoted to shells. 

Case 2 is filled with specimens illustrating the post- 
tertrary formation. 

In Case 3 is a unique collection of concretions and 
clay stones found in New England. 

In Case 4 are fine specimens of drift marking or 
ice marking. 

Case 5 contains specimens illustrating the tertiary 
formation. They consist mostly of shells. 

The collection in Case 6 consists of petrified wood 
and agates from the West Indies. 

In Case 7 are cretaceous specimens and fossils. 

Case 8 contains the famous collection of fossil fishes 
of the Catopterus. 

Case 9 contains specimens of the Trassic formation, 
consisting mostly of fossil plants found at Easthamp- 
ton. This locality is remarkable for these specimens. 

Cases 11, 12, 13 and 14 are taken up with speci- 
mens of the Carboniferous formation. The most 
prominent of these are the coal plants. 

Case 15 is devoted to the Devonian formation. It 
consists mainly of fossils of the old red formation, 
gathered largely in New York. 

Cases 16 and 17 also illustrate the Devonian form- 
ation. 

Cases'19, 20 and 21 contain specimens of the Silu- 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 27 

rian formation. In case 20 may be seen the fossil 
Orthoceras. 

Case 22 contains specimens illustrating the Lauren- 
tian formation. 

The FoREiGiir Geological Collection will be 
found in the upright and horizontal Cases in the cen- 
ter of the room, which contain specimens well illus- 
trating the rock formation and fossils of other coun- 
tries. 

The immense cast, near the center of the room, is 
the head of a Deinotherium, the largest quadruped 
that ever lived. It was like an elephant in general 
structure, but is supposed to have been aquatic. A 
cast of its thigh bone lies near by. 

Suspended from the ceiling is a cast of the head of 
a young Mastodon, larger than an elephant. Two 
wooden models of the tusks of the famous Newburg 
Mastodon are attached to the pillars, and upon 
a table near by is a part of one of the original 
tusks. 

Between the pillars is a cast of the Schistopleurum 
of South America. Casts of the bones of this animal 
may be seen in Case 1. 

Upon the northwest end of the western upright 
case hangs a slab, into which are sunk one hundred 
and sixty-two specimens of polished marbles. Tliis 
slab was obtained in Rome by Professor Hovey. 

The Gallery upon the north side contains the Mas- 
sachusetts Geological Collection, made by President 
Hitchcock during his geological survey of the state 
(1830-1840), and is intended to fully illustrate all the 



28 POPULAR GUIDE. 

rock formation of the state, as well as the fossils. It 
numbers 3,200 specimens. 

In the South Gallery is placed the Connecticut 
Geological Collection, made by Professor 0. U. Shep- 
ard, during his geological survey of the state. It 
numbers eight hundred specimens. 

Upon the railing of the Gallery are casts and valu- 
able bones of extinct animals. Over the entrance may 
be seen a paddle of the Pliosaurus, six feet in length, 
found at . Dorsetshire, England. On the west side 
may be seen a cast of the head of the Mososaurus, 
the largest reptile that ever lived. On the northwest 
side may be seen the Zeuglodon, found in the southern 
part of the United States. 

THE SHEPARD COLLECTIONS IN THE WOODS 
CABINET. 

These include two large fossil slabs in the lower 
hall, and the contents of the entire second story. The 
glass case at the top of the stairs in the corridor 
contains numerous large and rare fossil specimens, the 
mahogany - cabinet a choice conchological collection, 
and the glazed cases (on the north side) a series of 
madrepores, corallines, etc. On entering the room, 
the first three cases to the left (consisting of rather 
more than one sixth of the space on this floor) 
are devoted to the Meteorites — a collection that has 
been in formation since 1830, and is now the fourth 
in magnitude and value, in existence. The three that 
outrank it, are national museums ; viz., those of Lon- 
don, Vienna and Paris. It embraces specimens from 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 29 

two hundred and forty-two distinct localities, of 
which one hundred and forty-eight are meteoric stones, 
and ninety-four, meteoric irons. The oldest known 
fall among them is that of Ensisheim, Alsace, France, 
dated November 7, 1492 ; the most recent, that of 
Iowa Co., Iowa, February 12, 1875. The total weight 
of the collection is about twelve hundred pounds. The 
heaviest iron, that of ^riotopos, Colorado, weighing 
four hundred and thirty-eight pounds, the smallest, 
that of Otsego, N. Y., half an ounce. The largest 
entire stone is that of New Concord, Ohio, weighing 
fifty-two pounds (May 1, 1860), the smallest, that 
from Hessle, near Upsala, Sweden, less than fifty 
grains (January 1, 1869). The whole number of 
meteoric specimens exceeds five hundred, of which 
all the smaller ones are preserved in the iron safe, 
near hj. The collection embraces, besides, numerous 
models of meteorites, and an extensive series of doubt- 
ful meteorites ; also, as supplementary to the subject, 
above one hundred ** pseudo meteorites," or serpen- 
tine-nodules, from Eegla, near Havana, Cuba, that 
strikingly resemble meteoric stones in shape and 
composition, — metallic iron and nickel being alone 
wanting to establish their full identity in chemical 
character. 

Many of the iron-masses have been sawn, polished 
and etched with dilute acids, whereby their internal, 
crystalline structure has been developed. 

To the collection of Meteorites succeeds that of 
Geology. This occupies, in a systematically arranged 
series, the twelve double cases of the entire floor. It 



30 POPULAR GUIDE. 

commences with the non-fossiliferous rocks, and 
proceeds through the Cambrian, Silurian (here rich 
in English specimens), and Devonian to the Car- 
boniferous, where the visitor will meet an extended 
illustration of this formation by specimens both Amer- 
ican and European, among which, those of the Sauri- 
an fishes from near Edinburg, are the most remarka- 
ble. Other examples of these rare fossils may be 
seen in the case at the head of the stairs, in the corri- 
dor, and in the gallery of the Woods Cabinet. Prof. 
Agassiz pronounced it one of the best collections of 
these gigantic fishes in existence. Next follows a 
few Permian fossils, when we reach a wide illustra- 
tion of the Triassic in the footprints of the Connecti- 
cut valley, effected with consid-erable labor and 
expense, through a long course of years, with rare 
opportunities of collection. The specimen of the 
Tridentifer ingens is the most perfect track of this 
immense animal yet discovered ; while nearly all the 
impressions are remarkable for clearness of outline, 
freshness of surface, and the perfectly natural condi- 
tion in which the specimens are left. The same may 
be said of the Ichthyolites from this formation. 
The Jurassic andLiassic series is also good ; but is far 
surpassed by the Cretaceous, here rich in the fossils of 
the Upper Chalk of England and France. The great 
feature of the geological collection, however, is that 
of the Tertiary and Quaternary Formations. About 
one half of the contents of the room belong to these 
formations, — growing out of rare advantages enjoyed 
by the collector during his long residence in South 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 31 

Carolina. The collection consists of many thousand 
specimens, most of which can scarcely be excelled 
for their perfect preservation. They include an 
immense number of fish teeth, some of which are 
gigantic in size, besides the bones and teeth of 
land animals, as the horse, the tapir, the deer, the 
elephant, the megatherium, and the mastodon. Of 
the latter, are here preserved large portions of two 
entire skeletons, both disinterred by the Professor 
Shepards, senior and junior, one of the skeletons hav- 
ing been found on the beach of St. Helena island. 
South Carolina, below half-tide water and firmly im- 
bedded in the Lois formation ; the other among the 
phosphatic nodules, nine miles northeast of Charleston, 
in the same state.* Very curious reptilian coprolites, 
from a ferruginous clay of the quarternary, occurring 
near Georgetown, South Carolina, will be found ar- 
ranged in the same case with the St. Helena mastodon. 

The gallery of this room contains an equal number 
of cases with the lower floor ; and holds an exten- 
sive series of rocks and fossils, arranged geographi- 
cally, in which most of the States are represented, as 
well as England, France and Germany. 

The whole number of geological specimens must 
exceed 12,000 ; and if properly mounted for exhibi- 
tion and study, would require three times the space 
they now occupy. 



*For the possession of the St. Helena specimen, this coUec 
tion is indebted to the liberality of Capt, Charles S. Boutelle, 
of tKe Coast Survey ; and for the other, to Mr. William L. 
Bradley, of Boston. 



32 POPULAR GUIDE. 

LAWRENCE OBSERVATORY. 

The Observatory, situated upon the east side of 
Woods Cabinet, bears the name of Hon. Abbott Law- 
rence, of Boston, who contributed one thousand dol- 
lars to the College in the darkest days of her history. 
It consists of a transit room and a tower with a 
revolving dome. Within this dome is a refracting 
telescope, the gift of Hon. Rufus Bullock, of Boston. 
It has a focal length of nine feet, and an aperture of 
seventeen and one-fourth inches. In the transit room 
are a transit circle, a siderial clock, a chronograph, 
and other apparatus necessary for practical observa- 
tions. 

DICKINSON NINEVEH GALLERY. 

The Nineveh Gallery, adjoining Woods Cabinet on 
the west, was built by Lieut. Enos Dickinson, Esq^, 
of Amherst, in 1857. Upon the walls may be seen 
six sculptured slabs, from the palace of Sardanapalus, 
together with several fresco paintings taken from 
sculptures abounding in the ruins of Assyria. These 
slabs, together with the seals, cylinders and bricks 
from Nineveh and Babylon, and coins of gold, silver 
and copper, were procured by Dr. Henry Lobdell, 
missionary to Assyria. The cost of procuring the 
whole was about six hundred dollars. The money 
value of the collection is as many thousands. 

Slabs. The sculptures are upon slabs of gypseous 
alabaster. The inscriptions, which are precisely iden- 
tical, are in the best and earliest style of the Assyrian 
art and belong to a period as early as 930 B. C. They 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 33 

are written in the cuneiform characters which was 
the monumental writing of the Assyrians, while an 
entirely different form was used for private documents. 

No. 1 represents an eagle-headed divinity, probably 
a type of the Supreme Deity. He may be identified 
Avith the Nisroch of Scripture. 

No. 2 is a winged figure, probably a demi-god. 

No. 3 differs from No. 2 only in the ornament of 
the helmet and the embroidery of the robe. 

No. 4 is Sardanapalus, who built the palace and 
whose deeds are recorded in the inscription. He is 
represented as giving thanks to the gods after the 
war. 

No. 5 is another winged priest or divinity. 

No. 6 is an eagle-headed divinity, differing from 
No. 1 only in a few points of dress. 

The inscription upon these slabs, which is entire 
only upon Nos. 2 and 3, has been translated by Eev, 
William H. Ward of the class of '56, and also by 
Eev. Selah Merrill, of Andover. The following is 
selected from the translation by Mr. Ward : 

" This is tlie palace of Assurnazibal, servant of the Siipreme 
God Assur, ...... son of Tiglath-Ninib, . . . 

. . . . son of Bel-ni-rari ; strong 

warrior who marched here and there in the service of Assur 
his lord ; who had no equal among the princes of the four 
regions ; brave commander, fearing no opponents ; strong-, un- 
rivalled leader ; king, bringing under subjection the rebels 
against him ; who governs many legions of men ; mighty 
champion, trampling on the back of his stout enemies ; crush- 
ing all his foes, the masses of the rebels ; a king who marched 
here and there in the service of the great gods his lords, and 



34 POPULAR GUIDE. 

whose hands sifbdued all the provinces and who gained the 
mastery over all the ■ forests ; who subjected all their power, 
taking hostages, imposing laws over all those provinces." 

The latter part of the inscription is taken up with 
an account of the building of the palace. 

The Frescoes represent the following figures in 
order : a winged human-headed lion, Sennacherib at 
the siege of Lachish, a fish-god, a Sphynx, an Assyr- 
ian spearman, an Assyrian archer, an Assyrian slinger, 
a eunuch, a symbol of Deity, a fish-god, a winged 
horse, a gryphon, an Indian monkey, and a wild boar 
from India. 

The gems, seals and cylinders from Nineveh and 
Babylon, together with one thousand coins, Greek, 
Roman, Cufic, Persian, Russian, Hindoo, etc., and 
eighty-four copper medals, struck by the G-overnment 
of the United States, are in private custody for safe 
keeping. The seals and cylinders have been recently 
translated by Mr. R. S. Williams, of Utica, N. Y., 
and Judge Alexander Johnson of the same place. 
The following are specimens of their results : 

I. Sassinnian Ensign, surmounted by a wreath. 

4. Human-headed winged bull, or Pegasus, Nin- 
eveh, (or Sassinnian). 

II. Egypto-Grrecian warrior holding lotus flower. 
12. Indian parabet, a bird sacred to Bacchus- — 

Parthian. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 35 

WILLISTON HALL. 

The brick building at the north end of Chapel Row 
is Williston Hall. It stands upon the site of old 
North College, which was burned in 1857. The ex- 
pense of erecting this Hall — fifteen thousand dollars 
— was met by a voluntary offering from Hon. Samuel 
Williston, of Easthampton. It was completed in 
1857, and dedicated on the 19th of May, 1858. The 
lower floor is devoted entirely to the department of 
Chemistry, the west end being a lecture room, and 
the east end a laboratory. Upon the second floor are 
the halls of Alexandria and Athenae, the two literary 
societies of the College ; the former occupies the 
western half, and the latter the eastern half. Each 
society has, in its rooms, a Library of about six hun- 
dred volumes. In the third story is the 

ART GALLERY. 

This room, which occupies the whole of the upper 
floor, is gained by the main entrance into the tower, 
upon the north side of the building. The Gallery is 
eighty feet in length by forty in breadth, and twenty 
in height. The ceiling was raised two feet by panel- 
ing, in order to admit the Ghiberti Doors, in the east 
end. The Elgin marble casts, from the frieze of the 
Parthenon at Athens, descriptive of the Pan-athenaic 
festivals, form the entire cornice of the hall. The 
walls were frescoed by Mr. McPherson, of Boston, 
and every design in connection with this work is pure 
Greek. The lower half of the walls is painted a 



36 POPULAR GUIDE. 

Pompeian red, as a background for the statuary. 
The contrivance of Alcoves is to increase the surface 
for pictures and the corners for statuary. 

STATUARY. 
No. 1. 

Oast of a marble bust of ^schylus, the celebrated 
tragic poet. He lived from 525 to 456 B. 0. The 
original is in the Royal Museum at Berlin. 

No. 2. 

Dan"cing Girl with a wreath ; from the British 
Museum. 

No. 3. 

EvEi^"ikG, by Michael Angelo. This and No. 5, 
representing Morning, were made for the tomb of 
Lorenzo di Medicis^ in the famous Medici Chapel in 
Florence. 

No. 4. 

Hebe, represented as cupbearer to the gods ; the 
work of Thorwaldsen. She was called by the Romans 
JuventaSj goddess of youth. Ganymede was her suc- 
cessor. The original belongs to Mr. A. Baring, of 
London, and there is a repetition of it, by the artist, 
in the museum at Copenhagen. 

No. 5. 

MoRXiNG ; by Michael Angelo. (See No. 3.) 

No. 6. 

Pai^el from the Alhambra palace, Spain. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 37 



No. 7. 



Shield of Achilles, the principal hero of the 
Trojan War ; executed by Flaxman. The figures up- 
on the shield were devised by Vulcan, at the request 
of Thetis, the mother of Achilles. 



No. 8. 

Vase ; from Copenhagen. The figures upon it 
are copied from Thorwaldsen's bas-reliefs illustrative 
of Homer's works. This one represents Priam plead- 
ing with Achilles for the body of Hector. 

No. 9. 

Apollo akd the Muses ; by Thorwaldsen. This 
represents the Muses dancing upon Mt. Helicon, while 
Apollo plays upon the lyre. The original was pur- 
chased by Baron Von Schubart, for his Villa near 
Leghorn. A marble copy by the artist is in the mu- 
seum at Copenhagen. 

No. 40. 

DAi^ciiq"G Fauist. The original is one of the famous 
antiques in the Tribune of the Ufizzi gallery in Flor- 
ence. The head and both arms are modern, and 
were restorations of Michael Angelo. 

No. 11. 

The Fari^ese Hercules. This Hercules derives 
its title from its connection with the Farnese family. 
It was found in the baths of Caracalla. An inscrip- 
tion on the rock declares it to be the work of Glycon, 
the Athenian. It was one of the first favorites of 



38 POPULAR GUIDE. 

antiquity, as shown by its frequent repetitions in 
bronze and marble, on gems and coins. 

*^ The anatomical detail of the body and limbs is 
more distinct than in any other work of antiquity. '* 

Flaxman. 

No. 12. 

Base of a Candelabrum; from the British Museum. 

No. 13. 

Juno, antique ; from the Ludovisi Villa, Eome. 
Probably a copy of the work of Alcamenes, a pupil of 
Phidias. 

No. 14. 

Base of a Candelabrum ; from the British Mu- 
seum. 

No. 15. 

Marcus Aurelius ; a Roman Emperor, who lived 
A. D. 161-180. Original in the British Museum. 

No. 16. . 

Apollo Belvidere. ' This statue was found 
towards the end of the 15th century, near Porto d' 
Anzo, and may have constituted one of the orna- 
ments of the imperial villas at Antium. It was pur- 
chased by Pope Julian II., and by him placed in the 
Belvidere gardens of the Vatican at Rome, whence its 
name. The sculptor here represents the god at the 
moment when he has rid the earth of the monster 
Python ; hence Pythius, the epithet of the god, and 
the Pythian games commemorative of the victory. 
In his left hand he holds a fragment of the bow, 
having just dispatched the fatal arrow. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 39 

Visconti says it is the work of Oalamis, set up in 
Athens in honor of the god, for staying a plague 
which raged there. 

Other critics suppose it represents the god as having 
just discharged his arrow in the conflict that proved 
fatal to the children of Niobe. 

It is esteemed one of the noblest representations of 
the human form. 

No. IT. 

Ideal bust of Brutus, by Michael Angelo ; from 
Florence. 

No. 18. 

LuDOvisi Mars ; so called from its location in the 
Ludovisi Palace, at Rome. This celebrated statue 
was once assigned to Scopas ; but it is now considered 
to be a copy of a bronze by Lysippus, or at least of his 
school. The cupid at his feet indicates that he is 
resting after a conflict, and is under the influence of 
Venus. 

No. 19. 

Bust of Julius C^sar, the noted Roman warrior, 
jurist, and author. 

No. 20. 

Bust of Pericles, the Athenian statesman and 
orator, who flourished 444 B. 0. The original is in 
the Royal Museum at Berlin. 

No. 21. 

Bust of the YouN'G Augustus, the first Roman 
Emperor. He lived from 68 B. C. to 14 A. D., and 



40 POPULAR GUIDE. 

reigned forty-four years. The original is in the 
Museum of the Vatican at Rome. 

No. 22. 

Child of Niobe ; from the famous Niobe Group 
at Florence. (See No. 52. ) 

No. 23. 

Dying GtLADIATOR ; from the Capitoline Museum, 
Rome. This statue was found on the sea shore at 
Antium, and is the work of Agasias, an Ephesian. 
There is no probability that it represents a gladiator ; 
it is more likely a portrait statue of some heroic victor 
dying upon his shield. 

^' The skill with which the artist has expressed the 
moment when the wounded man is about to expire, 
can never be too much admired. Raised on his right 
arm, the only member retaining the least power, a 
general relaxation is perceptible in all the muscles of 
the body, particularly those of the face, which com- 
bine the expression of agouy with exhaustion." 

Flaxman, 

"So. 24. 

Boy at Prayer. This is imagined to be the 
work of Bedas of Byzantium. It is said to have 
been given to Prince Eugene by Pope Clement XI. ; 
it was afterwards in possession of Prince Wen- 
oelsaus of Lichtenstein, and was subsequently pur- 
chased by Frederic II., King of Prussia, who placed 
it in the Royal Cabinet in Berlin. The original is 
bronze, and was found in the Tiber. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 41 

No. 35. 

Boy Extractiis'G a Thor:n" ; from the Ufizzi 
at Florence. Though the form is slight, it is sup- 
posed to represent a successful contestant in the 
races of the stadium, trying to remove a thorn with 
which he was wounded during the race. 

No. 26. 

Shepherd Boy, by Thorwaldsen. This statue 
was suggested to the artist by a charming attitude 
which the model for his Ganymede with the Eagle 
unconsciously assumed. A plaster model and a copy 
in marble is in his museum. The original is now 
in Wilcdruff, near Dresden. The statue has been 
repeated in marble a great number of times. The 
King of Prussia had it cast in Bronze, and another 
bronze copy was cast in Paris, in 1828. The dog was 
modelled from Thorwaldsen's favorite ^^Teverino." 

No. 27. 

Mii^ERVA PuDiCA. Pallas or Minerva was the 
goddess of wisdom and the protecting deity of Athens. 
This statue, one of the finest of this goddess, is in the 
Vatican at Rome. 

No. 28. 

Dancikg Girl ; a Bacchante. This is the work 
of Thorwaldsen, while in Rome, in 18J7. The 
original is in Esterhazy Gallery, Vienna. A plaster 
model is in the artist's museum. 

No. 29. 

DiAN^A Ai^D THE Stag ; from Paris. The divinity 



42 POPULAR GUIDE. 

is here represented as a huntress. The stag of Qilnone, 
stands at her side, which had been captured by Her- 
cules. The representation is at the moment when she 
meets Hercules at the crossing of the river and rescues 
the prize. The statue has been in France since the 
reign of Henry IV. 

No. 30. 

Jason^j leader of the Argonauts on their expedition 
in search of the ^* golden fleece." He is represented 
as sent for in such haste by his uncle that he has only 
time to put on one sandal. The statue was purchased 
by Louis XIV., and placed in the gallery at Ver- 
sailles, and afterwards in the Louvre. Previously it 
was in the Villa Negroni. For a long time it was 
supposed to be a statue of Cincinnatus. 

No. 31. 

Vulcan, the Roman god of fire ; by Thorwaldsen. 

This is a model of a colossal statue in marble, made 

by the artist while in Rome, 1838. The sword and 

. helmet of Mars, and the arrows and quiver of Cupid, 

forged by Vulcan, lie at his feet. 

No. 32. 

Athlete, with strigil ; from the Vatican Museum, 
Rome. Athletes were accustomed, after their exer- 
cises, to scrape off the dust and oil with a strigil. 
This statue is a copy of the original, by Lysippus, 
and was found in 1846, at Trastevere, near Rome. 

No. 33. 

Ghiberti Gates ; so called from the artist, 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 43 

Lorenzo Ghiberti, who worked upon them for twenty 
years, 1448-1468. The originals are in bronze and 
form one of the central door-ways to the Baptistry 
in Florence. The door-posts and lintels deserve 
especial notice for their beauty and perfection of finish. 
This work was greatly admired by Micliael Angelo, 
and it is so perfectly executed that he copied many of 
the heads in the famous Sistine Chapel frescoes. 

The panels represent events in the Old Testament^ 
history from the creation down to the building of the 
temple of Solomon. 

The uppermost panel on the left door contains 
" The Creation of Adam ;" ^^ The Creation of Eve ;" 
/^ Eating of the Forbidden Fruit ; " and " The Ex- 
pulsion from Paradise." The corresponding panel on 
the right door contains ^' The Offering of Sacrifice by 
Cain and Abel;" ^^The Killing of Abel;" and 
/^ Man's Labor and Cain's Expostulation with the 
Creator." 

The second left hand panel contains ^' The Ark 
after the Subsiding of the Flood," and "Noah of- 
fering Sacrifice." The panel to the right contains 
'' The Sacrifice of Isaac," with the servants resting 
at the foot of the mount, and the appearance of the 
three angels to Abraham. 

The central panel on the left door contains the 
story of Jacob and Esau. The corresponding one 
on the right contains four subjects from the story of 
Joseph : the treachery of his brethren, their meeting 
in Egypt, the discovery of the cup in the sack, etc. 

The panel on the left door, below these, represents 



44 POPULAR GUIDE. 

Moses receiving the law, and the multitude at the foot 
of the mountain. The corresponding panel to the 
right represents Joshua overcoming Jericho, and the 
division of the tribes. 

The two lower panels contain, respectively, David 
slaying Groli^th, and the Meeting of the Queen of 
Sheba with Solomon. 

Of the two bald heads projecting near the center 
of the gates, the one at the right is Ghiberti himself. 

No. 34. 

Dyikg Youth ; by Michael Angelo. It was orig- 
inally intended for the mausoleum of Pope Julius 
II., but is now in the museum of the Louvre, at Paris. 
It is one of Michael Atigelo^s last works. 

No. 35. 

Venus of Milo. This statue was discovered in 
1820, by the French consul in the island of Melos, 
and is now in the museum of the Louvre, Paris. It 
is regarded by many as the finest statue of an tiquity. 

No. 36. 

Clytie ; from the British Museum. In ancient 
mythology she is represented as a nymph who pined 
away because her love was not reciprocated by Apollo, 
the sun god. By constantly gazing at the object of 
her love, she was at length turned into a sunflower, 
a favorite emblem of constancy. 

No. J$7. 

Statue of a Greek Canephora ; antique ; from the 
British Museum. It was customary at Athens for vir- 



AMHERST COLLEGE. . 45 

gins to bear materials for a sacrifice to the altar in a 
basket on their heads. Like the Caryatids, the 
Canephora served as architectural supports. The 
original of this statue was found in the Appian Way, 
amid the ruins of the Villa Strozzi. 

fio, 38. 

Bust of the poet Homer ; from the British Museum. 

No. 39. 

Nymph Playing the Game of Tali ; from the 
British Museum. The original was discovered in 
1766, at the Villa Verospi, near the Salerian gate of 
Eome. 

No. 40. 

Bust of Herodotus, a Greek historian, who flour- 
ished about 500 B. 0. The original is in the Royal 
Museum at Berlin. 

No. 41. 

Thucydides, a noted Greek historian, who flour- 
ished between 470 and 400 B. 0. The original is in 
the Royal Museum at Berlin. 

No. 42. 

Pilaster, from the Madeleine at Paris. 

No. 43. 

Flyin^g Mercury, 'the messenger of the gods. 
A small bronze model of the same may be seen in 
Professor Mather's recitation room. It is the work 
of John of Bologna. The original may be found in 
Florence. The rod in his left hand, intertwined with 
serpents, is the caduceus which he received from 



46 POPULAR GUIDE. 

Apollo in return for his lyre. He is represented as 
being blown from tlie mouth of ^olus, the god of 
the winds. 

No. 44. 

Bacchus ; antique. The same as the Greek Diony- 
sus, the youthful, beautiful, but effeminate, god of 
wine. The original is in the British Museum. 

No. 45. 

Psyche, from the National Museum, Naples. This 
sadly mutilated, but exquisite fragment, was found at 
Capua, in Italy. Psyche was a nymph \7h0m Cupid 
loved and carried into a secure retreat. The name 
signifies soul, and she is usually represented with the 
wings of a butterfly. 

No. 46. 

Ajax, a Grecian warrior in the siege of Troy, 
second only to Achilles. He was gigantic in size, 
and of great courage, but dull of intellect. This 
cast is from the head of the hero in the famous group 
in the Loggia at Florence. It was found in Hadrian's 
Villa, near Rome. Visconti has proved that the 
group represents Menelaus (instead of Ajax), carrying 
off the dead body of Patroclus ; but it has so long 
borne the name of Ajax, and accords so well with his 
character, that it need not be changed here. 

No. 47. 

Fighting Gladiator ; an heroic statue, by 
Agasias of Athens, from the museum of the Louvre, 
Paris. This justly celebrated work of Greek art 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 47 

was found on the sea shore at Antium, near where 
the Apollo Belvidere was discovered. There is no 
probability that it represents a gladiator ; for they 
never contended nude, and the figure is too noble for 
a slave. It is doubtless a portrait statue of some vic- 
tor in the Grecian games. 

No. 48. 

Juno ; from the British Museum. Brought from 
Home in 1774. 

No. 49. 

Plan of the Acropolis at Athens, as it is at pre- 
sent. Of late the hill, with its ruined treasures, has 
been carefully protected by the Grecian government. 

No. 50. 

Portrait Statue of Demosthenes. This greatly 
prized work of art is from the Vatican at Eome. In 
dignity of pose and energy of expression it is unsur- 
passed. 

No. 51. 

A bust of the statue of Niobe. It belongs to 
the famous Niobe Group at Florence, one of the 
most celebrated of the ancient works of art. It is 
uncertain whether it is the work of Scopas or Prax- 
iteles. It origiaally filled the pediment of the tem- 
ple of Apollo Sosianus, at Rome, and was discov- 
ered in 15«3. The Group is designed by the artist 
to represent the destruction of her fourteen chil- 
dren and of herself as a punishment for her as- 
suming superiority to their mother, the goddess 
Latona, who had only two children. Photographs 



48 POPULAE GUIDE. 

of the entire group may be seen in the photo- 
graph alcoves upon the north side of the room. 

No. 59. 

Genius of the VATiCAjq^ ; antique. This beautiful 
torso, supposed to represent the Genius of Death, was 
found at Centocelli, on the road from Eome to Pal- 
aestrina. It is believed to have been the work of 
Praxiteles. 

No. 53. 

Apollo Saukoktonos, or lizard-killer ; from the 
Yatican Museum, Eome. It was found among the 
ruins on the Palatine hill, in Eome, and is regarded 
as a copy of a statue by Praxiteles. 

No. 54. 

Mater Dolorosa ; by Eitschel, of Berlin. (Mod- 
ern. ) 

No. 55. 

Torso Belyidere. This splendid fragment, sup- 
posed to be a torso of the statue of Hercules, occu- 
pies a prominent position in the Vatican Museum 
at Eome, and has been greatly admired and studied 
by leading artists, for three centuries. It was found 
about the end of the fifteenth century, at the theatre 
of Pompey. An inscription on the base declares that 
Apollonius, son of Nestor, the Athenian, made it. 

No. 56. 

^scuLAPius, the ^'blameless physician" of the 
Homeric poems, and god of medicine among the 
Greeks ; the son of Apollo and the nymph Coronis. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 49 

This head, ilhistrating the divinity of yEsculapius, 
was found in 1828, in the island of Melos, and was 
part of a colossal statue of this deity, of which other 
fragments were discovered at the same time. Critics 
place its date about 300 B. C, at the highest period 
of Greek art. It is now in the British Museum. 

No, 57, 

Jasok ; from the Louvre, Paris. (See No. 32.) 

No. 58. 

WiN"GED Sphyi^x ; from the British Museum. 

No. 59. 

Perseus with the Head of Medusa ; by 
Oanova. This is one of the three modern statues 
in the Vatican at Rome. This head of Medusa was 
presented to Minerva, who wore it upon her breast- 
plate. Wlien Napoleon carried the Apollo to Paris^ 
the Pope placed this statue on the vacant pedestal, 
and the people were so pleased with it that they called 
it the ** Consolation," and never allowed it to be re- 
moved from the Vatican. 

No. 60. 

Egyptian Scribe ; from the British Museum- 
No. 61. 

Amenophis III. — Memnon. This distinguished 
monarch was born about 1400 B. C. He enlarged 
the temple at Karnak, and founded the palace 
at Luxar. Many statues of this ruler have been pre- 
served, and quite a number are in the different Euro- 



50 POPULAK GUIDE. 

pean museums. This one was discovered by Belzoin, 
near the Colossus of Memnon at Thebes, and is a work 
of pure Egyptian art. 

No. 62. 

Wii^GED Sphykx ; from the British Museum, 

No. 63. 

The Dyii^g Alexander ; from Florence. This is 
a fragment of a colossal statue, expressing extreme 
pain. It is regarded as one of the finest remains of 
ancient art. 

No. 64. 

AlSTTIQUE YaSE. 

No. 65. 

Jupiter, the king of gods, called, by the Greeks, 
Zeus. This bust, which was discovered at Otricoli 
about forty miles from Rome, was, perhaps, a copy 
from the statue of Zeus by Phidias, which was in Elis, 
Greece, and was the most famous statue of antiquity. 

No. 66. 

The Grinder. This antique is one of the gems 
in the Tribune in the Ufizzi palace at Florence. 
It represents a barbarian sharpening a knife, and, 
arrested in his work, looking up. The truthful- 
ness of the posture and expression cannot be surpassed. 

• No. 6T. 

RosETTA Stone ; from the British Museum, The 
original, which is of black basaltic granite, was 
found at Rosetta, in lower Egypt, in 1799, by 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 51 

Bouchard, while digging in the Fort of St. Julian. 
It contains a trilingual inscription, the upper one in 
hieroglyphics, the middle one in demotic (common)^ 
characters, and the lower one in Greek. Through a 
knowledge of Greek, scholars were able, from the 
discovery of this stone, to construct the ^h?©@k alphabet. 

No. 68. 

Wrestlers ; from Florence. This group was found 
in the same excavation with, and has been supposed 
to belong to, the family of Niobe. It is deemed * ' a 
fine example of anatomical study, of a difficult but 
harmonious composition." Among the Greeks, the 
wrestlers were naked and rubbed with dust and oil. 

No. 69. 

Flora ; the Roman goddess of flowers. This 
antique was found in the Villa of Hadrian, and is 
now in the Capitoline Museum at Rome. 

No. 70. 

Venus de Medici, the goddess of love. As 
shown by her nudity and the dolphin at her side, 
she is represented as just rising from the foam (dappdq) 
of the sea ; whence her Greek name. Aphrodite. The 
figures upon the dolphin are Eros and Imeros. It is 
uncertain when it was found, but it was anciently in 
the Medici's Gardens at Rome, and was moved to 
Florence in the seventeenth century. The inscription 
on the base of the original states that Cleomenes, son 
of Apollodorus, the Athenian, made it. The arms 
are restorations, and should never have been added. 



62 POPULAR GUIDE. 

for the statue gains greatly in beauty and purity when 
they are left off. The work was so much a favorite 
of the (ireeks and Romans, that a hundred ancient 
repetitions of this statue have been noticed by trav- 
elers. 

No. 71. 

Ai^TTii[OUS : a youth of extraordinary beauty, 
the favorite of the Emperor Hadrian. He was 
drowned in the Nile, whether accidentally or pur- 
posely to save the Emperor, is uncertain. After his 
death the Emperor was inconsolable. He erected 
temples and statues to him and deified him with wor- 
ship, and leading artists multiplied his form to gratify 
the monarch. This statue was found at Hadrian's 
Villa, and is now in the Capitoline Museum. 

No. T2. 

Sophocles, the most brilliant tragic poet of Athens, 
He lived from 495 to 406 B. 0. This famous an- 
tique is in the Lateran Museum at Rome. It is 
greatly admired for the natural dignity of its pos- 
ture and for its graceful drapery. At the poet's 
feet is a case of books (restored). The whole con- 
ception and execution are pure Greek. 

No. 73. 

Moses : a colossal statue in sitting posture. The 
statue of which this is a cast was originally in- 
tended for the Mausoleum of Pope Julius II. and is 
one of the few works that were completed for him. The 
original is now in tlie Church of St. Peter in Chains, 
in Rome. It is the production of Michael Angelo, 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 5 3 

who worked upon it three years and, when finished, 
kept it in his studio for forty years. The only mould 
ever made for this statue was to furnish a cast for the 
Crystal Palace Exhibition in London. The only 
other cast in this country is in the Antiquarian 
Museum at Worcester. 

No. 74. 

Aristides, surnamed the **Just;'^ an Athenian 
who flourished in the early part of the fifth century, 
B. 0. This antique was found at Herculaneum, 
and represents the Statesman at the moment 
when he attempted to arouse the Spartans to resist 
the Persians, who had taken Athens. It is now in 
the National Museum, Naples. This statue was 
especially admired by Canova. 

No. T5. 

Mercury Argipeon"tes (slayer of Argus); by 
Thorwaldsen while at Rome in 1819. The action 
was suggested to the artist by a natural, though un- 
common attitude, taken by a porter seated upon a 
curb-stone in the Corso, Rome. Mercury is repre- 
sented as upon the point of slaying his enemy. Hav- 
ing just put the Argus to sleep by playing upon the 
syrinx, he gently removes the instrument from his 
lips, and with his right hand draws his sword; fear- 
ing to wake his adversary, he holds the scabbard with 
his heel. This statue has been several times cut in 
marble. One of these, after the artist's death, was 
purchased by the Spanish government. 



54 POPULAR GUIDE. 

No. 76. 

Idolino; from the Ufizzi gallery in Florence. The 
original of this beautiful antique is bronze, and 
was discovered at Pesaro in the fifteenth century. 

No. 77. 

DiAN'A OF GrABiT (the place where the statue was 
found), or Diana Robing. This pure Greek antique 
is now in the Museum of the Louvre, Paris. 

No. 78. 

Vase; from Copenhagen. The figures are from 
Thorwaldsen's bas-reliefs. 

No. 79. 

Arms of Achilles: a marble bas-relief by Thor- 
waldsen, 1831. It represents Minerva presenting 
to Ulysses the arms of Achilles. Ajax, who hoped 
to have them, turns away full of anger, and ut- 
tering imprecations. In the background the nereid 
Thetis, mother of Achilles, sits weeping beside the 
tomb of her son. 

No. 80. 

Night; by Michael Angelo. (See No. 5). 

No. 81. 

Model of Ven^us Genetrix. The apple in her 
left hand is the prize for beauty which she received 
from Paris. More statues of her remain than of 
any other deity. This is one of the most com- 
pletely draped statues of this goddess. The original 
is in the Museum of the Louvre, Paris, and was 
brought there from Versailles. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 55 

No. 82. 

Pakel; from Alhambra palace in Spain. 

No, 83. 

Day; by Michael Angelo. 

No. 84. 

EuuiPiDES: a distinguished tragic poet of Greece, 
who lived from 480 to 406 B. C. The original is in 
the Royal Museum, Berlin. 

No. 85. 

Ages of Love; by Thorwaldsen, J 824. The 
idea of this bas-relief was taken from a fresco 
found at Stabial. The representation is as follows: 
Psyche, seated beside a cage containing little Loves, 
deals them out to all who apply. A child innocently 
approaches to play with them, while the little girl is 
half afraid to caress them; another, older, kneels in 
adoration before the Love Psyche is giving her; be- 
hind her a young woman is passionately kissing the 
one she has received; another woman, representing 
succeeding disenchantment, holds the little god by 
the wings; further on. Love alights triumphant on 
the shoulders of a man who seems unable to bear so 
heavy a burden; and at the extreme left, he flies away 
laughing from an old man who stretches towards him 
his trembling hands. This composition has been 
reproduced a great number of times. 



56 POPULAR GUIDE. 

PHOTOGRAPHS. 

The western end of the Hall is mainly devoted to al- 
coves for pictures. The collection numbers over eight 
hundred and sixty photographs, representing architec- 
ture,statuary and painting. Among these are the photo- 
graphs taken by Alinari, of the same size as the original 
paintings; a very full collection from Venice; photo- 
graphs of the several English Cathedrals; all of the 
statuary in Thorwaldsen's Museum, and a large num- 
bei* from Ponti's and ISlaya's collections in Venice ; 
from Braun's, in Paris, and from Mansell's in London. 
Although the division of subjects is not complete, yet 
the visitor will find the represetnations of architecture 
mainly in the alcoves on the south side of the Hall, and 
of the statuary on the north side. The aggregate cost 
of the entire collection was $2,000. The photographs 
in the easternmost alcove, upon the north side of the 
room, are a series of designs from Bargue and Gerome, 
prepared in Paris. The open alcove, nearly opposite 
to this, on the south side of the room, contains photo- 
graphs of the old masters, taken from original sketches. 
Aside from these, the visitor will find sufficient infor- 
mation upon the pictures themselves. The Goethe 
and Schiller series, however, found on either side of 
the Hall, at the west end, deserve mention. In the 
central alcoves upon the north side are photographs 
of the finest specimens of statuary in the European 
collections, and views of the most noted galleries. In 
the southwest corner of the room may be seen sev- 
eral full size photographs, by Alinari and Naya, of 
some of the most noted paintings of the old masters. 



AMHEUST COLLEGE. 57 

The large painting upon the west wall is a Magdalen 
by Guido. It was formerly in Charles Sumner's col- 
lection. 

WALKER HALL. 

Walker Hall stands upon the north side of the Col- 
lege grounds. It was built at an expense of over one 
hundred and twenty thousand dollars, after the plan 
offered by Mr. George Hathorne, of New York. The 
style of architecture is that known as the revised me- 
diaeval. The stone of which it is constructed is mainly 
that known as the Monson granite. It was presented 
by Mr William N. Flynt, from his quarry in Monson, 
with no other expense to the College than the cost of 
transportation. The laying of the corner stone was 
on Class Day^ June 10^ 1868, and the formal opening 
on the 20th of October, 1870. In return for the 
munificence of Dr. W. J. Walker, of Newport, R. I., 
in contributing to the building fund, it bears his 
name. It is intended as the Scientific building of the 
College., Upon the lower floor are two recitation 
rooms at either end with offices adjoining, the Treas- 
urers rooms and a vault. Upon the second floor are 
the President's office, the Trustee's room, the Presi- 
dent's lecture room, and Professor Snell's lecture and 
recitation room, all upon the south side of the build- 
ing, and upon the north side the 

CABINET OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 

This Cabinet consisted originally of only a very 
limited number of second-hand instruments, which 
were purchased of Dr. Pierce, of Salem, soon after 



58 tOttJLAH GUIDE. 

the founding of the College. In 1831, two thousand 
dollars were expended in the purchase of apparatus in 
Paris. From 1831 to 1870 the only appropriation to 
this department was an average annual allowance of 
about sixty-five dollars. During this period, however, 
Professor Snell was improving the old articles, aud 
devising and manufacturing new, until, in 1870, the 
apparatus had doubled in quantity and utility. Since 
the completion of Walker Hall, various valuable addi- 
tions have been made, mainly to the departments 
of Electricity and Sound. As the articles in this 
collection are not labeled, it may be proper to 
call the visitor's attention to a few, and mention 
their uses. 

The apparatus for Mechanics will be found in Cases 
1, 2, 3 and 4. Of these, Case 1 contains the elements 
of machinery, such as levers, pulleys, gearing, etc. 
Case 2 contains machine models, such as the tread- 
wheel, capstan, crane, etc., and articles for showing 
the laws of friction, of the center of gravity, and of 
the pendulum ; Case 3 contains articles for showing 
the laws of torsion and compound motion ; and Case 
4 contains the apparatus for experiments upon collis- 
ion, centrifugal force, compound and rotary motion, 
and Atwood's Machine, occupying the whole height 
of the case, which is used for illustrating the laws of 
falling bodies. 

Case 5 is devoted to Hydrostatics. Here are several 
articles used for illustrating the laws of hydrostatic 
pressure, including a bellows, a fountain, a press and 
a hydraulic ram, and also various devices by Professor 
Snell for illustrating wave motion. 



AMHERST COLIvPGE. 59 

Cases 6 and 7, separated by fche bay window, contain 
the apparatus for Pneumatics. In Case 6 will be seen 
a fine air-pump, and a large number of articles in glass 
and brass for air-pump experiments. Among the 
articles in Case 7, are water-pumps, fountain appara- 
tus, siphons, a condenser and a working model of the 
fire engine. 

The Electrical and the Magnetical apparatus fill 
Cases 8, 9, 10. The Holtz machine, torsion balance, 
Geissler tubes and electrical jars of various forms and 
sizes will be found in Case 8. The frictional machine 
will be seen in case 9; also batteries, tubes and spheres 
for electrical light, and articles for vibration and rota- 
tion in electricity, forming a complete outfit for class 
experiments. In Case 10 may be seen a Ruhmkorff 
coil, magnetic beams, needles and compasses. 

The apparatus for Sound will be found in Case 11 
and in part in Case 12. In the former will be seen 
a small organ bellows and pipes of different kinds for 
illustrating sound waves and the musical scale, and a 
glass bell and Chladni plates for showing sound vibra- 
tions. The collection in Case 12 includes a mono- 
chord, rods, forks for showing the vibrations of sound 
by projection of light ; and near the top a large article 
in the form of a tuning fork, for making visible to a 
class the nodal vibrations of a string. 

Among the Optical apparatus, which extends through 
to Case 17, may be found: in Case 12, a zoetrope for 
illustrating the different kinds of polarization; in 
Case 13, apparatus for compounding two polarizations, 
stereoscopes, illustrations of perspective, etc. ; in Case 
14, Biot's and Soleil's polariscopes, microscopes, a, 



60 POfULAK GUIDE. 

frame^and lenses for the extemporaneous construction 
of telescopes and articles for perspective ; in Case 15, 
prisms variously mounted, lenses of all sorts, spectro- 
scopes and a heliostat ; and in Case 16, a large num- 
ber of mirrors and lenses for reflection and refraction 
of light, and a Port-lumiere. 

Case 17 contains the apparatus for Heat and Meteo- 
rology. Prominent among the articles are a sectional 
model and a working model of the steam engine. 
Here may also be seen various sorts of thermometers, 
hygrometers, a pygrometer, and articles to illustrate 
wind and vortices. 

Upon the third floor of Walker Hall are Professor 
Shepard's lecture room and 

THE SHEPARD MINERAL COLLECTIONS. 

These are three in number ; viz. , the Mineralogical, 
the Geological, and the Meteoric. They will be de- 
scribed separately. Their formation has been going 
on for nearly half a century. The collector, in the 
prosecution of the work at his private expense, has 
twelve times visited Europe, and traversed nearly 
all the mineral regions of this country. He has like- 
wise maintained profitable relations with the most 
active mineralogists of the day, as well as with several 
of the great national museums in foreign lands. The 
result of these prolonged labors appears in these col- 
lections, not so much in the number of the specimens, 
as in their choiceness, — it being well understood that 
a single specimen may outweigh, in scientific value, 
hundreds of such as compose the ordinary mineral 
cabinet. The object here has been not only to illus- 



AMHEBST COLLEGE. 61 

trate the productions of the mineral world in such a 
manner as to favor an accurate conception of its 
varieties and their connections, but also most for- 
cibly to impress the beholder with their rareness and 
beauty. 

The Mineralogical portion is displayed in the third 
story of the Walker building. It consists of numer- 
ous independent collections. The largest and most 
important of these commences in the east room — the 
arrangement beginning with the first case to the left 
on entering the apartment, and following the wall- 
cases in regular succession around this room, the con- 
nected middle room, and completes itself in Case No. 
60, of the west room. 

The specimens in these sixty cases are mostly of 
unusual dimensions, such as are commonly known 
as museum specimens. A few weigh upward of one 
hundred pounds, several above twenty, while the gen- 
eral average is probably over two pounds. 

The system of arrangement adopted is that known as 
the Natural History one, — the species forming twenty- 
two Orders. Important changes have been introduced 
in the nomenclature, which will be understood from 
the following statement : names ending in ite stand 
for true species, except such as have an elementary 
constitution, and a few others. Those ending in ine 
denote minerals whose specific character is not fully 
settled. Such varieties and synonyms as formerly 
ended with ine and ite, are here terminated in in. 

These changes are suggested with a view to prevent 
the confusion that 'arises in regard to a host of names 
ending in ite, that simply refer to synonyms and vari- 



62 POPULAK GUIDE. 

eties. The present innoyation, if adopted, will wholly 
remove such embarrassment, — the name itself an- 
nouncing whether reference is had to an acknow- 
ledged species, to a doubtful one, or to a mere variety. 

This change will lend itself very conveniently also 
to those alterations in the rank of minerals, that must 
arise from advanced knowledge. Trifling modifica- 
tions of the terminal syllable will thus very obviously 
render apparent all such discoveries. 

As a farther recommendation of what is here pro- 
posed, it may be mentioned that Professor Dana has 
already suggested the alteration of the terminal sylla- 
ble of such rocks as end in ite, so as to give them the 
termination yte, — thus happily distinguishing them 
from our mineralogical species. Quartzite, for exam- 
ple, will be the name of the mineral species (now 
known as Quartz), and Quartzyte that of the rock, 
called Quartzite. 

ORDER I. Air. 

Commencing upon the lower shelves of Case marked 
No. 1, we have nine glass bottles, to represent as many 
species of aerial minerals. To these succeed, in 

ORDER II. Water, 

several bottles also, in which are kept examples of 
the liquid minerals, so far as they can be preserved 
without risk of freezing during the cold of winters. 

ORDER III. Halite. (Soluble.) 

Section A. (Deliquescent.) Nitrocalcite, Nitro- 
magnesite, Nitrammonite — the three found in clay-like 
aggregates. Nitratinite) Nitrakalite^ Molysite, Tach- 



AMfiERST colleg:E. 63 

ydrite, Carnallite, Kremersite, Salmiacite, Halite, in 
numerous specimens, among which are noticeable a 
sapphire-blue one, from Hallstadt, Austria, and one 
artificially wrought, from Caledonia, Spain ; Sylvite, 
in large xls. , from Stassf urt, Prussia ; Tauriscite. 

Section B. (Persistent.) Tronalite, Stercorite, Ox- 
ammite, Copiapite, Coquimbite, Fibroferrite, Botryite, 

Case No. 1 contains Melanterite, Pisanite, Moreno- 
site, Gapite, Chalcantliite, Goslarite, Joliannite, 
Picromerite, Aphtliitalite, Taylor ite, Bieberite, Kies- 
erite, Bloedite, Polylialite, Loweite, Glauberite. 

Section" C. (EfEiorescent. ) Tinkalite, Epsomite, 
Thenardite, Gaylussite, Kalinite, Voltaite, Solfatarite, 
Alunogenite, Pickeringite, Halotrichite, Mirabilite, 
Mascagnite, Pliospliammite, Bipliospliammite, Car-, 
bammite, Teschemakerite, Guanapite, Guanoxalite. 

Section D. (Pulverulent.) Leucanterite, Erubescite, 

ORDER IV. Gypsite. 

Section A. Mostly in powders and crusts. Epi- 
glaubite, Brusliite, Apatelite, Aluminite, Jarosite, 
Pissophanite, Pitticite, Diadochite, Lardrellite, Ten- 
gerite, Zircarbite, (nov. sp. ) Hydrocalcite, Hydrozinc- 
ite, Felsobanyite, Pliarmacolite, Howlite, Ulexite, 
Hydroboracite, Stassfurtite. 

Section B. In scales, fibrous, xls. and massive. 
Sassolinite Cacoxinite, Arseniosiderite, Vivianite, 
Erythrite, Pliarmacolite, Oxacalcite, Gypsite, in fine 
xls. from Montmartre near Paris, Polaud, Ohio, Bo- 
logna, Gotha, Thuringia and Hallstadt Austria. 

Case No. 4. Brucite, in large and distinct xls., 
from Texas, Pa. ; Lanthanite, from Canton, Ga., 



64 POPITLAR GUIDE. 

Anhydrite, This case also contains numerous Vases 
and Urns, wrought in Gypsite and in mixtures of 
gypsite and anhydrite, from Leghorn, Italy. 

ORDER V. Calcite. 

Case No. 5. Cryolite, Pachnolite, Hagemannito, 
Calcite in superb crystallizations, from the celebrated 
localities of Greenland, Cumberland, Derbyshire and 
Cornwall England. 

Cases Nos. 6, 7 and 8 contain a continuation of the 
species Calcite, where are found large and splendid 
groups of xls. from the above mentioned localities, as 
well as from Rossie, N. Y., the Hartz, Switzerland, 
and from Hungary ; also, illustrations of all the mas- 
sive varieties, and, in particular, of the tufaceous, the 
stalactitic and stalagmitic forms, the latter of great 
size and perfection, from Dubuque, Iowa. The main 
collection of marbles, which partly consist of mixtures 
of Calcite and Dolomite are arranged in Cases No. 

65 and 66 in the entry. 

Case No. 9. Aragonite in rich varieties of xls. 
from Herrengrund Germany ; Molina Spain ; Alston 
Cumberland ; also, fibrous (satin-spar) from the last 
mentioned locality; coralloidal (flos-ferri) from Eisen- 
erz, Styria ; and stalactitic and stalagmitic from Du- 
buque, Iowa. 

Dolomite. In large xls. from Traversella Pied- 
mont ; the Isle of Man ; Alston Cumberland (variety 
pearl spar). Also the other varieties known as Breun- 
nerin, Miemin, Brown Spar, Gurhofian, and the 
white, massive dolomite, commonly called marble. 
Rhodochrosite, Hydromagnesite, Manganocalcite, An- 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 65 

Jcerite, Hydrodolomite, Magnesite, in coralloidal mass- 
es from Regla, Cuba, W. I. ; Polycarbite (nov. sp.), 
Alumnite. 

Oases 10 and II. Fluorite, in magnificent groups, 
— several specimens weighing over fifty pounds, and 
presenting all the elegant colors for which this species 
is so remarkable. The chief localities are Cumber- 
land, Northumberland, Durham, Cornwall and Der- 
byshire, England ; Saxony, Bohemia, the Ilartz and 
the Alps. 

Fluellite, Yttrocerite, Fluocerite, AUophanUe, Gihbs- 
ite, Wavellite, Dufrenite, HUchcockite, Barrandite, 
PyrodasUe, Soynhrerite, Glauhapatite, Redondite, Ap- 
atite, in large and beautiful green xls. from Ham- 
mond, N. Y. , and in interesting massive varieties 
from numerous countries. 

ORDER VI. Baritb. 

Case 12. Celestite. Very perfect xls., in large 
groups, from Girgenti, Sicily. Barite, in matchless 
xls. (one weighing ninety pounds), from Dufton, 
Westmoreland ; other localities, Cheshire, Conn. ; 
Saxony, Hungary, and Missouri. Witherite, in very 
remarkable xls., from the Pallowfield mine, in Hex- 
ham, Northumberland ; Barytocalcite, very perfectly 
crystallized, Bleagill Alston, Cumberland ; Bromlite, 
Stroniianite, Stromnine, Oalstrortbarine, Enimonsine, 
Siderite, from many localities and in all its varieties, 
from perfectly crystallized, to massive, compact and 
earthy. 

Case N"o. 15. Parisite, Ohildrenite, Xenotomite^ 
Okurchite, Monazite, Waynerite, Triphylite, in perfect 



66 POPULAR GUIDE. 

xls., with Spodumenite, from Huntington (foi'merly 
Norwich), Mass.; Triplite, Smithsonite, Calaminite, 
in large xls., from Franklin, N. J. ; Wohlerite, Wil- 
lemite (Troostin), in very superb xls., associated with 
Franklinite, Franklin, N. J. ; Tephroite, Danalite, 
Momeinite, Scheelite, Eulytenite. 

ORDER VII. Malachite. 

Case No. 16. Annabergite, Ghalcopliyllite, Walpur- 
gite, Symplesite, Libetlienite^ 8corodite, BeudantUey 
Pharmacosiderite, Torhenite, Autunite, Aphanesite, 
Atacamite, ThalassUe, Tallingite, Volhorthite, Corn- 
loallite, Erinite, Eucliroite, Olivenite, Adamite, Tagil- 
ite, Cyanotrichite, Brochantite, Langite, Uranochalcitey 
NiccarUte (nov. sp.), Zaratite, Malachite, Azurite, 
Pseudomalachite, Bayldonite, Dioptasite. 

ORDER VIII. Kerate. 

Senarmontite, ArsenoUte, VaUittinite, Bismutite, 
Selhine, FJiosgenite, Matlockite, Cotunnite, Mendipite, 
Calomelite, Plomhiodite, Cerargyrite, EmboUte, Bromy- 
rite, lodyrite, Coccinite. 

ORDER IX. Cerussite. 

Vaquelinite, Crocoisite, a magnificent specimen 
from Beressof, Siberia; Pyromorpliite, a very rich 
series from all the celebrated localities. Mimetite, 
Plomhgummite, Beudantite, Va7iadinite, Puclmerite, 
Stolzite, Wiilfenite. 

Case No. 17. Cerussite, Leadliilh'te, Lanarhitey 
Caledonite, Linarite very superb, Anglesite, Susannite, 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 67 

SUB-ORDER I. Ochre. 

Melinine, Humoferrite, (nov. sp.) Beaiixite, Xan~ 
tliitanite, Molybdite, Stibicoiiife, Gervitantite, Smalto- 
chrine (nov.) Mennigite, Uraconite, Oummite, Bismite, 
Tungstite, TantatliconiU, Colwnihiconite (nov. sp.), 
Pimelite. 

SUB-ORDER II. Clay. 

Kaoltnite, Halloysite, Lenzine, Saponite, 8epiolite, 
Aquacreptite, Gearstct/te^ Dillnite, Gimolite, Quincttey 
AUopham'te, Wsingerite, Ghloropalite, Gillingite, 
Wadite, Asholite. 

ORDER X. Serpentite. 

Ge^ithite, Deweylite, Ceroline, Ghrysocollite, Dysyn- 
trihite, Pagodite, Serpentite. 

Case ISIo. 18. Williamsine, Antigonine, Marnioline, 
Picrosmine, Picroline, Pyroidesine, Dermatine, Vil- 
larsine, Hydrophite (Jenkinsin), Pinite, Liebnerine, 
Fahlnnine, Ohlorophylline, Pseudoline, Oncosine, 
Pelagonine, Pyralloline, Rennselaerine, Chiastoline, 
Asbestite. 

Case No. 19. Sussexite, Anthosiderine, Orocido- 
line, Bastite, Antillite. 

ORDER XI. Talcite. 

Talcite, Pyrophylite, GymatoUte, AspidioUte, Deles- 
site, RipidoUte, Pemiinite. 

Case No. 20. Euchlotte, (nov. sp.) Prochloritey 
Gorundophtlite, Amesine (nov.), Thuringite, Melano- 
line, Selandoite, Ghalcodite, Vermiculite, Stilpnomela- 
nite, Syhedrite, GhloropJiceite, Gookeite, Pubellanine, 
Felkiierite, Damourite, Nacrine. 



68 POPULAR GUIDE. 

Case No. 21. Muscovite in very numerous A^arie- 
ties, and from many localities, among which the spec- 
imens exhibiting landscapes, produced by included 
magnetite, from Chandler's Hollow, Del., are remark- 
able. 

Case No. 22. Muscovite, Biotite, Peltonine, (nov.) 
Phlogopine, 

Case No. 23. AstrophylUte, Adamsine, Lepidolite, 
Cryopliyllite, Lepidomelanite, Cronstedite, Pyrosmcdite, 
Fyroscle7ite, Margarite, Evpihyllite, Cliloritoidite, 
Beyhertite, Voiglitite. 

ORDER XII. Zeolite. 

Case No. 24. This and the following case embrace 
superb examples of the numerous species of this beau- 
tiful order of minerals. The most striking specimens 
ceme from the Ghaut mountains of India. Stilbite, 
Heulandite, Apophylhte, Chabasite, Gmelinite, Har- 
motomite, Tlwmsonite, Mordenite, Scolezite, Mesolitej 
Pedolite, Natrolite, Carpliolite, Prelienite, Bretvster- 
ite, Edingtonite, Gismondite, Datliolite, Levynite, 
Analcite, Leucite, Phillipsite, Herschelite. 

ORDER XIII. Spak. 

Case No. 26. Wollastonite, Olcenite^ Periclasite, 
Faujasite, NepJielinite, Cataplelite, Melilite, Sodalite, 
Lapislazulite, Nosite, Wernerite, Gelilenite, Meionitey 
Dipyrite, Eiidialite, Lazulite, in numerous unique 
specimens, from Graves mountain, Lincoln county, Ga. 

Case No. 27. AnortJiite, OrtJiodasite, from many 
localities, in large and varied crystallizations, as well 
as massive. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 69 

Case No. 28. Oligoclasite, Alhite, Andesine, Lab- 
radorite, 8podumenite, in gigantic and highly finished 
xls., from Huntington (formerly Norwich), Mass. 
Epidotite, Zoisite, Babingtonite, Mosandrite. 

Case No. 29. Amphibolite, in very many and strik- 
ing examples, showing the chief varieties of this pro- 
tean species ; Oummingtonine, Arfwedsonine, Antho- 
phylline, Orocidoline. 

Case No. 30. Augite, with its full series of xls. 
and massive varieties ; Roepperite, Wichtisine, Sor- 
davaline, Tachyline, Knehelite, Jadeite, Rhodonite^ 
Fowlerine, Petalite. 

ORDER XIV. Gem. 

Case No. 31. Ghrysolite, Forsterite (Boltonin), 
Villarsite, Monticellite, Ghondrodite, Opalite, a fine 
series of the variety called Siliceous sinter, from the 
region of the Yellow Stone river ; also, the variety 
Hyalin, the common and precious opals, and the 
Wood-Opal from California ; Ohsidianite, a large mass 
of Obsidian from Mexico. 

Case No. 32. Vesuvianite, Garnetite, a very rich 
series of specimens, of many colors and forms ; 
Staiirolite. 

Cases No. 33, 34, 35, 36, and the greater part of 
Case No. 37, are devoted to a single species of Quartz- 
ite. Case 34 has as immense geode from Southern 
Iowa, and a ponderous mass of the very curious Gashed 
Quartz from Lancashire, England. 

Case 36 is remarkable for the splendid groups of 
rock-crystal, obtained above a century ago, from La 
Garde tte, in Dauphine ; also, for a very superb group 



70 POPULAR GUIDE. 

of Amethyst from Brazil, and the half of an immense 
agate-ball lined with xls. of amethyst, from Oberstein 
on the Rhine. Very interesting slabs of Elastic Sand- 
stone (the parent rock of the diamond), from Ruther- 
ford county, North Carolina, are found in No. 37 ; 
likewise, lolite and Axinite. 

Cases No. 38 and 39 contain a very choice series 
illustrative of the beautiful species, Tourmalmite, 
where may be seen notable specimens from Chester- 
field, Goshen, Pelham and Warwick, Mass. ; Haddam 
and Monroe, Conn. ; Alstead and Sullivan, N. H. ; 
and from Paris and Hebron, Me. 

Case No. 40. Andalusife, Fihrolite, Diasporite, in 
matchless specimens, from the Chester emery-mine, 
Mass. KyanUe. 

Case No. 41. Berylite. Few collections surpass 
this in its series belonging to the present species. 
Numerous localities are represented. The largest xl. 
(weighing nearly two hundred pounds) and several 
others are from Acworth, N. H. The aquamarines 
are from Daouria, on the confines of China, and the 
emeralds from the Urals. 

Scarcely less precious are the contents of Case No. 
42. Cymophmiite, from Haddam, Conn. ; Topazitey 
from Adun-Tschilon, Siberia ; Plienacite, Zirconite, 
splendid xls., engaged in the ganque, from Miask, 
Siberia ; Sappldrite, Spiyielite, copiously illustrated, 
in very large xls., from the rich American localities, 
and in single xls. from Ceylon. 

Case No. 43. Corundimiite. Here will be seen the 
gigantic xls. of Ruby and Sapphire, from Franklin, 
Macon Co., N. C. ; the former weighing three hun- 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 71 

dred and twelve pounds, and valued at one thousand 
dollars. While its exterior is generally red, within, 
at the depth of an inch, it changes in several places 
to a sapphire-blue. The large xl. of pale, greyish 
sapphire was found in the same vicinity with the ruby. 
Its weight is eleven and three fourths pounds. The 
case contains very distinct xls. of sapphire from 
the Urals, from Chester, Mass., and from the region 
of the Franklin furnace, New Jersey ; also ruby from 
the latter section, and common corundumite from 
Pelham, Mass., and many other localities. 

Case No. 44. Corundumite, variety emery, from 
Turkey and from Chester ; the latter largely associa- 
ted with diasporite, margarite and corundophilite. 

This case also contains glass models of the largest 
and most remarkable Diamonds known. 

ORDER XV. Ore. 

Section A. (Lustre resinous to semi-metallic.) 
Case No. 45. Thorite, Wariolckite, Cerite, Zincite, 
Galcozindte, (no v. sp. ) Titanite, KeWiauite, Tscheff- 
kinite, PijroohJorite, MicroUte, Uvaite, Schorlomite, 
Allanite, Gaclolinite, Pyromelanite, Perofskite, Ru- 
therfordine, Octaliedvite, Pyrrhite, Brookite (Arkan- 
sin), Rutilite, an unequalled series of xls. from Graves 
Mountain, Lincoln Co., Ga., the largest of which 
weighs over eleven pounds. 

Case No. 45. Polymignite, Evxenite, Aeschynitey 
Polycrasite, Fergtisonite, Menglte. 

SECTiOif B. (Heavy Cassiterite group.) Yttro- 
tantalite, Samarskite, Columhite, Ferroilmenite, Heer- 



72 POPULAR GUIDE. 

mannoUte (nov. sp.), Tantalite, Cassiterite, Cuprite, 
Tenorite, MaHsicotite, Wolframite, Urani^iite. 

SECTiOi^ 0. (Magnetite group.) Chroinite, Men^ 
accanite, (limenin Washiiigtonin. ) Among many 
examples of this species, one very remarkable from 
Chester, Mass., will be seen. The largest xl. in 
this group is seven inches across. Magnetite, Dimag- 
netine. 

Case No. 47. Magnetite. Native magnet or lode- 
stone from several localities, as Shepard Mountain, 
Mo.; Magnet Cove, Ark.; and Morris Co., New 
Jersey. One hexagonal mass of eighty pounds from 
the latter region, is supposed to be pseudomorphous, 
after apatite. Hematite. Superb crystallizations from 
Elba, with very interesting masses of fibrous red 
hematite from Lancashire, England, and other varie- 
ties from many localities. Martite. 

Case No. 48. FranMinite in large and very perfect 
xls. Limonite, a very interesting series from Salis- 
bury, Conn. ; also Turgite (hydroheniatin) from same 
locality. 

Case No. 49. Turgite, Goetliite, in fine xls. from 
Cornwall, England, and from Marquette, Lake Su- 
perior. 

Sectiok D. Pyrolusite group. Pyrochroite, Py- 
rolusite, Mangnite, in splendid specimens from 
the Hartz. Crednerite, Hausmannite, Psilomelanite, 
Braimite, Wadite. 

ORDER XVI. Metal. 

Case No. 50. Mercury, Amalgam, Lead, Tetrady- 
mitey Joseite, Nagyagite, Tellurinm, Sylvanite, Henry- 



AxMHERST COLLEGE. 73 

ite, Schirmerite, Altaite, Calaverite, Schaphacliite^ 
Hessite, Petzite, Copper, Arquerite, Silver, Gold. 

Case No. 51. G-ilded model of the Welcome Gold 
Nugget of Australia, found June lltli, 1858, and 
which yielded two thousand and nineteen ounces pure- 
gold. Bismuth, Antimony, Alle?nonite, ArseniCy 
Iron a nugget found in Wando river, S. 0. 

ORDER XVII. Pyrite. 

Case No. 52. Chalcopyrite, Cubanite, Millerite,. 
Marcasite, Pyrite in beautiful xls. from Elba, Pied- 
mont and Cornwall. 

Case No. 53. Pe)ttlandite, Stannite, Pyrrliotite, 
Dipyrliotine, Bornite crystallized and massive from 
Bristol, Conn. ; Ducktownine. 

Case No. 54. Berzelianite, Ormiauite, Arsenopy- 
rite, Leucopyrite, Lolingite, Oersdorffite, Rammels- 
iergite, Glaucodotite, Wolfachite, Ullman7iite, Lin- 
naeite, Cohaltite, Smaltite, Ohathamine, Breithauptitey 
Skutterudite, Niccolite. 

ORDER XVIII. Glance. 

Sternhergite, Molybdenite, Covellite, Stihnite. 

Case No. 55. Naumannite, Tieniannite, Argentite,. 
Acanthite, Polyhasite, Ennrgite, Claiisthalite, Zorgite^ 
Jamesonite, Plagionite, Brogniardite, Freieslehenitey 
Zinhenite, Stephanite, Bisniuthinite, Emplectite, 
Aikenite, Berthierite, Geocrinite, Boulangerite, Bin- 
nite, Dufrenoysite, Sartorite, Galenite, in very perfect 
xls., from Rossie, N. Y., and from Cumberland, 
England. 

Case No. 56. Galenite, Chalcocite, splendid crys- 
tallizations from Bristol, Conn. ; Harrisine, Bourno- 



74 POPrLAR GUIDE. 

nite, in very fine xls. from Liskeard, Cornwall. Strom- 
•eyerite. 

Case No. 57. Tetrahedrite, Tennantite. 

ORDER XIX. Blende. 

Orpijnentite, Realgarite, Pyrostilpnite, Kermesite, 
Pyrargyrite, Polyargite, ProustUe, Miargyrite, Cin- 
naharite, AlabandUe, Hauerite, Greenockite. 

Case No. 58. Sphalerite, rich series of crystallized 
specimens, mostly from Cumberland, England ; 
Rahtite. 

ORDER XX. Sdlphuii. 

Case No. 59. Sulphur, a splendid example from 
Java, together with numerous rich crystalizations from 
Sicily ; Sulphoselenite. 

ORDER XXI. REsm. 

Naphthalite, ScheererUe, Hatchetite, Ozocerite, Elat- 
erite, Fichtelite, Idrialite, Copalite, Ambrosite, Suc- 
cinite, Resinite, Balsamite. 

Case No. 60. Mellite, Dysodilite, Dopplerite, Tas- 
manite, Asphaltite, Alhertite, Torhanite, Piauzite. 

ORDER XXII. Coal. 

Graphite^ Coal, Anthracite. 

Case No. 61. Here may be seen a variety of instru- 
ments employed in the investigation of the physical 
properties of minerals, such as Goniometers (common 
and reflecting); Balances (English manufacture by 
Eobinson, and German by Oetling), apparatus for the 
study of the optical, magnetic and electric characters, 
ior determining the specific gravity of minerals, steel 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 75 

and agate mortars, hammers, chisels, files, forceps^ 
blowpipes, microscopes, etc. Also, models of crystals 
in wood and glass, some of which are dissecting, and 
contrived to show the interior structure of xls. 

Three smaller, narrow Oases, Nos. 62, 63 and 64,. 
opposite the great window of the middle room, con- 
tain about one thousand specimens of small size^ 
arranged according to the plan of the main collection. 
These are exceedingly select, and embrace a large 
number of crystals, gems and cut stones. 

Cases No. 65 and 66, in the hall at the top of the 
stairs, contain a series of polished marbles, among^ 
which the " landscape marble," from near Bristol,. 
England, and the "ruin marble," from Florence,. 
Italy, are most worthy of notice. 

The double Cases, Nos. 73, 74 and 75, also situated 
opposite the great window in the middle room, display 
about seven hundred of the choicest specimens of the 
mineral kingdom. These are also systematically ar- 
ranged ; and are placed here for especial inspection, 
on account of the excellence of the light. It is 
unnecessary to call attention to particular specimens 
in these and the contiguous narrow cases, since they 
scarcely contain an example not worthy of close in- 
spection. 

The two small half Oases, Nos. 67 and 68, placed 
on the sides of the large window, exhibit above two 
hundred very small specimens of rare minerals, in- 
cluding many of the gems, particularly of tourma- 
lines, acquamai'ines, opals, topazes, rubies and sap- 
phires. Kare and highly perfect xls., as well as cut 
stones, will be seen among them. 



76 POPULAR GUIDE. 

The half Cases 69 and 70 in the east room, and 71 
and 72 in the west room, are devoted to still another 
collection of very small specimens (mostly crystals), 
in number about one thousand. These are placed 
directly contiguous to the glass which separates them 
from the observer, thus permitting an easy inspection 
of their properties. 

On the sides of the eight windows of the east and 
west rooms, are placed sixteen half cases, filled with a 
series of six hundred and seventy-five wooden models, 
illustrative of crystals. They were made at Bonn, in 
Prussia, along with nine other similar sets ; and were 
finished with the highest precision, all their angles 
having been verified by gonio metrical measurement. 
The work of completing the ten sets occupied the 
maker two entire years. 

COLLECTIONS ARRANGED IN THE MINERALOGICAL 
LECTURE ROOM. 

The first of these meets the visitor as he enters the 
door on the left, and illustrates tlie physical properties 
of minerals, such as the variations among massive 
minerals, Pseudomorphous crystals, the imitative 
shapes, fracture, lustre, colors, including the^j/^^/o/* 
colors, the change of colors, opalescence, iridescence, 
dichroism, the delineation of colors (dendrites). To 
these succeed the streak, tlie transparency , the state 
of aggregation, and the hardness. 

Then follows a choice collection of about one thous- 
and specimens, arranged to express the chemical 
composition of minerals, in which the constituents 
of each species are given in the Berzelian symbols. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 77 

The system of arrangement adopted is that of M. 
Adam, who distributes the species into the for- 
ty-two following* families, viz. : Hydrogenides, 
Silicides, Borides, Carbonides, Titanides, Tantalides, 
Colnmbides, Tungstides, Molybdides, Vanadides, 
Ohromides, Tellarides, Antimonides, Arsenides, 
Phosphorides, Nitrides, Selenides, Snlphurides,. 
Iodides, Bromides, Chlorides, Fluorides, Magnesides,. 
Aluminides, Uranides, Manganides, Ferrides, Nicco- 
lides, Cobaltides, Zincides, Cadmides, Stannides,. 
Plumbides, Bismuthides, Cuprides, Mercurides, Ar- 
gentides, Palladides, Iridides, Platinides, Osmides,. 
Aurides. 

Another collection, of very select specimens, all of 
the medium size, begins on the west side of the room 
by the window, and passing around by the north side^ 
terminates on the east end of the room at the east 
window. This collection consists of about two thous- 
and specimens, and is distributed according to the 
system followed in the main cabinet. Yet another 
and similar series, equally numerous, is arranged in 
the lower half of these cases, but behind wooden 
doors. Opposite each pair of doors are four moveable 
shelves or trays, in order to allow the contents of the 
collection to be placed upon the lecturer's table when 
needed. The arrangement here, also, is that of the 
natural history system. This collection for instruc- 
tion is supplemented by still another, arranged in a 
case of twelve drawers, each two feet square, and 
which contains, one thousand small sized specimens. 

There are other cases in this room containing nu- 
merous instruments of precision, utensils and 



78 . POPULAR GUIDE. 

pure chemicals for the analysis and blow-pipe treat- 
ment of minerals, besides many drawers, in which 
are bestowed duplicates and unarranged minerals. It 
may here be stated, also, that one hundred and 
twenty- two large sized drawers exist beneath the large 
cases in the main cabinet, for a similar purpose, many 
of which are already occupied. 

A commodious fire-proof safe communicates with 
the west room of the main cabinet, where are kept a 
considerable number of the most valuable specimens 
belonging to the mineral collection, as well as impor- 
tant papers and catalogues pertaining thereto. 

BAERETT GYMNASIUM. 

To the east of Walker Hall stands the Gymnasium. 
The building was planned by Mr. Charles E. Parkes, 
of Boston, and completed in 1860. Dr. Benjamin 
Barrett, of Northampton, whose name it bears, was the 
chief contributor to its erection, and also made subse- 
quent improvements. At his death, in 1869, he left a 
legacy of five thousand dollars for its support. On 
the first floor are a private office, dressing rooms, and 
a main room containing bowling alleys and rowing 
weights ; here may also be found a lifting machine, 
and apparatus for securing the physical statistics of 
the College. In the second story is the hall for the 
gymnastic exercises of the separate classes. This 
room is furnished with the usual heavy apparatus, 
such as trapeze, swinging rings, batule board, vault-, 
ing bar, rack bars, etc. 

The class exercises are on Monday, Tuesday, 



AMHEKST COLLEGE. 79 

Thursday and Friday of each week, at about the fol- 
lowing hours : Freshmen, 8 A. m. ; Sophomores, 10 
A. M. ; Juniors, 4.30 p. m. ; Seniors, 5 p. m. A Gal- 
lery is provided for visitors, who are welcomed to wit- 
ness these exercises. 

COLLEGE CHURCH 

Is situated upon the eastern brow of College Hill. 
This site was chosen in preference to many others that 
were urged, because of the charming view to the east 
and with regard to the area of the college campus in 
times to come. The corner stone was laid in the 
autumn of 1870, and the church was dedicated in the 
summer of 1873. The cost of building was seventy- 
thousand dollars, of which Mr. W. F. Stearns, son of 
President Stearns, gave forty-seven thousand dollars. 
Tlie pulpit was given by the church in Cambridgeport, 
of which the President was formerly pastor. The 
rose window on the south was given by the church in 
Bedford, his native town ; the east window was given 
by the late Deacon Eckley Stearns, of Woburn, Mass. ; 
and the north window was given by Gov. Onslow 
Stearns, of Concord, N. H. The cost of each was 
three hundred and fifty dollars. The architect was 
W. A. Potter, Esq., lately appointed Government 
supervising architect. The tower is twenty-four feet 
square at its base, and is composed of four stages, 
changing from a square to an octagon, and ornament- 
ed witli an octagonal spire, the whole rising nearly 
one hundred and fifty feet. The chime of bells was 
presented by the late George Howe, Esq. , of Boston, 



80 POPULAR GUIDE. 

partly in memory of the graduates of the College, 
who fell in battle during the late war. In the 
second story of the tower is a room also memorial 
of the fallen soldiers, intended to contain the 
cannon captured in the battle of Newbern, N. 
C, and other memorials of the war. After a 
general view of the exterior, which is most ad- 
mired by those who study it longest, the visitor will 
find upon closer inspection that the brown stone 
trimmings, adorning the walls, are variously carved. 
Among these adornments may be'found the date of the 
laying of the corner stone, the monogram of the col- 
lege, representations of the fruits and flowers of this 
and other countries, an abbreviation of the name of 
Christ in Greek, and other symbols and mottos indi- 
cative of the purposes for which the building was 
erected. Beneath each of the rose Mandows is an ar- 
cade of five windows, between which are placed pol- 
ished red Scotch granite shafts, with their capitals and 
bases variously carved and moulded. Upon the 
capitals of the shafts at the east end are symbolical 
representations of the four Evangelists. In the in- 
terior the entire frame work is shown, painted and 
decorated in accordance with the general character of 
the interior finish of the building. The furniture is 
of butternut, excepting the pulpit and organ frame. 
The unique pillar near the entrance deserves special 
notice. The seating capacity of the building is in- 
tended for the accommodation of five hundred and 
fifty persons. 

West of the road, running in front of Chapel Row, 
are three buildings belonging to the College, — the 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 81 

President's House, the Library and College Hall. Of 
these the President's House is southernmost. It 
was built in the years 1834 and J 835, at a cost of 
about nine thousand dollars. 

COLLEGE HALL. 

This is the plain brick building in the corner, be- 
tween the roads to the south and to the west. It orig- 
inally served as a church, but upon the completion of 
the new church edifice in the village, in 1867, it was- 
purchased by the Trustees, and thoroughly remodeled 
and repaired. It is now used for the annual examin- 
ations of the several classes and for Commencement 
exercises. It also serves as a hall for lectures and 
concerts during the year. 

LIBRARY. 

The plain stone building between College Hall and 
the President's House contains the College Library, 
It was completed in 1853, the first stone building upoD 
college grounds. It was planned by the same archi« 
tect as Appleton Cabinet and Lawrence Observatory 
— Mr. Sykes. The funds for building were raised by 
private subscription. Fifteen thousand dollars were 
collected, of which ten thousand were set aside to- 
defray the expense of building, and the remaining 
five thousand to the purchase of books. 

There are now upon the shelves over thirty thousand 
volumes, to which are made yearly additions of over 
eight hundred volumes. Upon the lower floor are a 
working room for employees, a pamphlet room, a 
room for College archives, and various other apart- 



82 POPULAR GUIDE. 

ments filled with books. Upon the second floor is 
the public reading room, containing the desk from 
which to draw books. Upon the tables in this room 
are all the leading Magazines and a large num- 
ber of books for general reference. The follow- 
ing portraits are hung upon the upper railing in 
this room : North side — Dr. Moore, first President 
of the College, hanging at the right as one enters, 
and Dr. Humphrey. West side — Dr. Hitchcock, 
Hon. Samuel Williston, and Professor Warner. South 
side — Mr. David Sears, founder of the Sears' Fund, 
directly over the door, and a copy of a portrait of 
Gallileo in Florence. East wall — Professor Tyler, 
Mr. Sears and Professor Fiske. Of the two portraits 
of Mr. Sears, the one upon the south side was painted 
in London ; the one upon the west side, in this country. 
The Library has, for its support, a permanent fund, 
yielding now an annual income of twenty-five hundred 
dollars, which is steadily increasing. This fund, 
established by Hon. David Sears, of Boston, is called 
the *' Sears' Fund of Literature and Benevolence." 
It consists of real estate in Boston, which he deeded 
to the College, and of direct contributions of money 
at different times. The present accumulated princi- 
pal is about thirty-three thousand dollars. This is 
constantly increasing, not only by the value of the 
real estate donated, but also by the yearly addition to 
the principal of one half of the income. There is, 
hesides, the Adams' Benevolent Fund, which yields an 
annual income of two hundred and forty dollars. At 
present, the total amount of money annually invested 
in books is considerably over fifteen hundred dollars. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 83 

Geo. Bancroft & Mark Hopkins 

Heartily endorse and commend, to all Stndents, 

TODD'S INDEX RERUM. 

For Sale at College Book Stores, or Mailed 
on Receipt of $3.00, by 

BRIDGMAJY ^ CHILDS, 

Northampton, Mass. 

To Fathers, whose sons are at Amherst, Bridgman & Childs, 
Publishers, Northampton, Mass., will present a copy of 

DR. TODD'S STUDENT'S MANUAL 

to any one remitting $1.75. A deed of kindness that will also 
be performed by any College Book Store on receiving a small 
equivalent. 

S. BE. CTJRTISS, 

Coal Dealer, 

Office in B. H. Williams' Clothing Store. 
CUTLER'S BLOCK, 

WHERE ORDERS WILL BE RECEIVED. 
AMHERST, MASS. 



84 POPULAR GUIDE. 



J. J. VINCENT, D.M.D., 

DENTIST. 

PALMER'S BLOCK, 

AMHERST, MASS. 
Graduate Harvard Dental College. 



Mther^ Nitrous Oxide^ . 

AND 

NARCOTIC SPRAY 

Administered when desired. 

Prcedicatores et philosophi, 
Publici homi/nes et oratores, 
Cv/rate dentibus vestris. Established 1843. 



BOOK STORE. 



[Successor to J. S. & C. Adams. Established 1826.] 
DEALER IN 

CLiSSICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, 

COLLEGE TEXT BOOKS. 
SCHOOL BOOKS, STATIONERY. 

Foreign and Domestic 

Paper Hangings & Fancj ^ood§. 

Any Book published in the United States sent, post paid, on 
receipt of publisher's price. 

AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 85 



1847. 1875. 

AMHERST 

Picture Gallery. 

FINE PHOTO&RAPHIC PORTRAITURE, 

ALSO, 

Views, Large and Stereoscopic 

A SPECIALTY, AT THIS ESTABLISHMENT. 



Special inducement offered to 

GRADUATING CLASSES. 

Also, Book of ll/usf rations Furnished. 

Frames of every Description made up to 
order, and Pictures Framed in the best style. 
Stereoscopic Vie^A^s of 

AMHERST AND VICmiTY, FOR SALE. 

J. L. LOVELL, Photographer, 

Amherst, Mass. 

June 9th, 1875. 



86 POPULAR GUIDE. 



FITCH^S HOTEL. 



THE 

C. F. SIMONDS HOTEL CO.. 

Northampton, Mass, 

toand I^atioiial Clothiug Store^ 

NORTHAMPTON, MASS., 

Is the place to buy your 

Clotling, Hats, Caps, Gents' FunisMDEiGflofls. 

PETER WEIGEL, Proprietor, 

Hampshire House Block. First Store from Depot. 



[Livery Stable 



Horses anft Carriages to Let on Reasonalile Tens. 

CS-EO. 13. <G;-A]L.]L.0]ND, 

ON PLEASANT STREET,' 

First Door North of Phoenix Row, 

Receives Deposits and Pays Interest on sums 
from one to one thousand dollars, at the rate 
of six per cent, per annum. 

Semi-annual interest allo^?ved on a thou- 
sand dollars until it reaches sixteen hundred. 
E T. COOK, President. S. C. CARTER, Treasurer. 

Amherst, May, 1875. 





ADVERTISEMENTS. 87 



ESTABLISHED 1861. 



^v ]>^ir lai IS ]m ^ or 

DENTAL EOOMS 

Dr. f. W. Leach, Dentist. 

OVER POST OFFICE, KELLOGG'S BLOCK, 

AMHERST, MASS. 

Office Hours, 8 A. M. to 32 M., and IM to 5 P. M. 



1^= MINIMUM CHARGES.— For Filling— Gold, $2.00 ; Other 
metals, $1.00 ; Extracting, 50 Cents ; Artificial teeth — Full upper 
or lower sets, from $15.00 to $25.00 ; Partial sets, from $5.00 
upwards, according to number of teeth. Particular attention 
given to filling teeth. Anaesthetics administered when desired. 
Entire satisfaction guaranteed. 

TO OUR CUSTOMERS AND ALL PARTIES 

We would Say, that we are prepared to do 

PLUMBING 

IN ALL ITS VARIOUS BRANCHES, 

In a thorough and systematic manner. Special attention will 
be given to the fitting of Bath Rooms, and the improved 

System of House Drainage. 

We have constantly on hand a good assortment of Stoves, 
Furnaces and Ranges, Tin and Copperware, and House-Furnish- 
ing Goods, Tin Roofing, Gas Fitting. Jobbing and Repairing 
will receive prompt attention. Please call and examine our 
goods and prices before purchasing elsewhere. 

DICKIJYSOJY ^ LEE, 



88 POPULAR GUIDE. 

M. A. ALLEN &G0., 

No. S Phoenix Row, Amherst, Mass., 

Dealers in Foreign and Domestic 

Dry Goods, Clothing, Etc. 

GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS 
A Specialty. 



We invite the public to 

EXAMINE OUR STOCK AND PRICES. 



Our Sun Shines for the Just and Unjust. 



ONE PRICE TO ALL, AND NO DEVIATION, 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 89 

BOOTS & SHOES. 

GO TO KELLOGG'S 

For Yo^ir Boots and Shoes, 

Who keeps on hand a large assortment of 

LADIES' AND GENTS' SHOES, 

Comprising Gents' Congress Gaiters, Sewed and Pegged ; 
Gents' Alexis Ties, Gymnastic Slippers, etc. Ladies' P<*ench 
Ead Button Boots, Foxed and Plain Boots, Goat and Kid 
Croquet Slippers, etc. Misses' and Children's Shoes at price* 
that defy competition. 

D. H. KELLOGG, 

Post Office Building, 

Amherst, Massl 

DEALER IN 

Furnaces, Stoves and Ranges. 

The largest assortment in the county. 

PLUMBING, 

Steam and Gas Fitting. 

PUMPS OF ALL KINDS. 

Lead, Block Tin and Iron Pipe, Sheet Lead, Slate 
Mantles, Tin, Copper and Iron Ware, Drain Tile,. 
Registers and Ventilators, Cast Iron Sinks. Sec- 
ond-hand Stoves very cheap. 

W. W. HUNT. 



90 POPULAR GUIDE 

B. H. WILLI AMS^ 

FASHIONABLE TAILOR 

AND DEALER IN EVERY KIND OF 

GENTLEMEN'S WEAR. 

Prices low and satisfaction guaranteed. 



Fine Shirts to ordLer 

A SPECJALTY. 
Cutler\s Block, Amherst, Mass. 

Haskiiis' Tip-Top Gold Pens 

Can lie AM to eiery Style of HaiiSwritiDi, 

For "we vary them, in both elasticity and fineness of point, from 
the coarsest quill to the finest point, (that can be written with) 
of any pens made, and are always sold on One Year's Trial. 
For sale in Amherst, at NELSON'S BOOK STORE. 

Amherst, Mass., April 7, 1874. 
Mr, Ha SKINS — Dear Sir : It affords me pleasure to testify to 
the great excellency of your " Tip- 1' op " Gold Pen, It has been 
analyzed at our laboratory, and found to be of standard gold, 
and believe it to rank among the best in any inarket. 
Yours truly, 

W. S. CLARK, 

President Mass, Ag'l College. 

I have, for several years, made use of o«e of Haskins' Gold 
Pens, and am better pleased with it than with any other pen I 
have ever used, 

E. S. SNELL, Prof, of Natural Philosophy. 
Amherst CoUege, April 6th, 1874. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 9I 



OTc ^W^c ^ IL. <0> .A_ T^9 

Dealer in Ladies' and Gents' 

BOOTS & SHOES, 

Mmbbers^ G alter s^ &€.j 

PHOSmX ROAY. AMHEEST, MASS. 



CustoiTi v^rork made to order. Repairing 
promptly done. 

HOUSE. 

Refitted for the Summer of 1875. 

TABLE FIRST-CLASS. 

M. S. BEEBE, Proprietor. 

AVILLIAM KELLOGG, 

DEALER IN 

Dry Goods, Clothing, Groceries, 

AND HA RD W ARE, 



92 POPULAR GUIDE 

IJ^ GRAHAM BROS., 

Photographers, 

DEALER IN 

School, Classical ani MiscellaneoM Books, 

Plain and Fancy Stationery and Blank Books, Window Shades 

and Fixtures, Wall Papers and Borders in great variety. 

Any Book published sent by mail on receipt of 

published price. 

Text Books and Fine Stationery a Specialty. 
14 Phoenix Row, Amherst, Massachusetts. 

. AMHERST HOUSE 

Livery and Sale Stable. 




OMNIBUSES, HACKS, DOUBLE AND SINGLE TEAMS 

TO LET AT REASONABLE RATES. 
Office at Stable, rear of Amherst House. 

W. E. STEBBIJVS. 



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